Process Definition and 1000 Threads

I was revising for my course exam and encountered a question in my book (Applied Thermodynamics for Engineering Technologists, p 66 example 3.3) which stated that a compressor follows a polytropic process to compress air; I understood the calculation process which resulted in heat being...

Hello, It is said that any process accompanied by dissipating effects is an irreversible process.For instance, a piston cylinder arrangement undergoing an expansion of a gas with heat lost as friction between surfaces is an irreversible process.Here the system does work on the...

I think the classical Poissonian process is where you have something, which in a time dt has a probability ωdt. Then one can show quite easily that the probability that the "something" has not yet decayed goes as P(t)=exp(-ωt), because it obeys a differential equation with the given solution...

When an ideal gas expands in a piston during an isothermal process, does it necessarily absorbs heat from the surroundings in order to maintain its temperature? (Piston is not insulated). IF yes, When the same procedure is carried out in a perfectly insulated piston, then temperature drops...

Question: A single-pump petrol station is running low on petrol. The total volume of petrol remaining for sale is 100 litres. Suppose cars arrive to the station according to a Poisson process with rate \lambda, and that each car fills independently of all other cars and of the arrival...

Why anhydrous ZnCl2 is required for 1 degree alcohols to convert into alkyl halides? It is a SN2 reaction; so the weakening of C-OH bond can be done with H+ of HCl. Oxygen from the OH group can donate its lone pair to H+ and O develops a positive charge which weakens the C-OH bond.Then bond...

Dear Friends, I carried out an experiment of sudden release of oxygen (open nozzle) from an oxygen cylinder used for medical college and hospitals. I found that pressure drops quite rapidly and cylinder surface cools from outside such that water droplets accumulate on its surface. This...

An ammonia plant operates at close to 700K and a Kp of 3.5 x 10-4 employing the stoichiometric ratio of 1:3 N2:H2. If the equilibrium partial pressure of NH3 is 50. atm, calculate the partial pressures of the reactants and the total pressure. The suggestion is made that, since the [NH3] is...

Hi all. I need to prove or disprove if process Y_n=1/2*X_n+1/4*X_{n-1}+1/8*X_{n-2} are stricly stationary. X_n,n\in R i.i.d. So almost i have the answer. But don't know if it is correct or not. I have a question of situation when \Gamma_Y(t,s) and |t-s|≤2 for example...

Hi guys, I have run multiple simulations on networks that are all slightly perturbed from each other. They produce slightly different curve outputs onto an x-y graph which I need to now analyse (it has been about 5 years since I did statistical analysis hence why I am here). A couple of the...

Imagine a rigid block of steel at 100 degrees celsius which is inserted into water at 0 degrees celsius. They then both get an equilibrium temperature. How can I tell whether this is a reversible or irreversible process? What is the argumentation?

Homework Statement Is boiling of egg accompanied by an increase in entropy? The Attempt at a Solution I guess entropy decreases because as the egg boils, the stuff inside it gets hardened and changes into a solid mass. So the disorderliness decreases and the entropy should decrease. But...

what is the need of adibatic process in heat engine? We can work only with isothermal process .Please expalin this.

Basically, The Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) process (and its time-integral) decribes the velocity of a brownian particle. The OU process is Stationary (in time), Stochastic AND Markovian. Now, I've done an exact, one dimensional, numerical simulation of the OU process similar to D. T. Gillespie in...

What equations are relevant to finding the initial and final enthalpy values of an isothermal process? There is an initial dryness fraction and a heat value is also added. I know how to use steam tables to find the initial value of H but not the final. Does H even change? Thanks

what are some chemical or physical properties that are typically measured in a process stream ?

Homework Statement Homework Equations In an isothermal process, where the dryness fraction of steam is given - Does the law of P1V1 = P2V2 still stand? Mass is also given here. I know that I should not be using PV = mRT for steam. Thanks The Attempt at a Solution

Hello, I have this one problem but have no idea how to get started. Avg. number of accidents is .4 accidents / day (Poisson Process) What is the probability that the time from now to the next accident will be more than 3 days? What is the probability that the the time from now to...

One mole of an ideal monatomic gas initially at 298 k expands from 1.0 L to 10.0 L. Assume the expansion is irreversible, adiabatic, and no work is done. Calculate delta S of the gas and delta S of the surroundings. I know that delta dS = dq/T but q = 0 in adiabatic processes right? So does dS...

Hi, I have a question about the definition of the poisson process. Check out the definition here: Would you say that one can prove point (2) from point (3)? The reason I have some discomfort about this is that something seems to be hidden in the poisson distribution to make it all work? For...

Homework Statement Hi can someone please have a look at this question and let me know if I am on the right track, thanks. A diesel engine requires no spark plug; instead the air in the cylinder is compresses so highly the fuel ignites spontaneously on injection to the cylinder. Q. If the air...

Hello, Does anyone know of any free software that will allow me to easily create chemical process flow diagrams, that have all the symbols for various components (distillation columns, heat exchangers, etc)? Thank you

So my professor keeps bringing up that a reversible process must always be done infinitesimally slowly up. But why is that? I can't recall the explanation.

Homework Statement I have a physical system, which I know the time average statistics. Its probability of being in state 1 is P1, state 2:P2 and state 3:P3. I want to simulate the time behavior of the system.Homework Equations N/AThe Attempt at a Solution I assume the rate of transition event...

Hello, could someone please let me know if I have worked this problem out correctly, or if I need to try again? Thank you. Homework Statement A 40.0 g projectile is launched by the expansion of hot gas in an arrangement showing in Figure P12.4a (attached file). The cross-sectional area of...

A cyclic cycle occurring in a system immersed in surrounding, all inside an isolated box. Each cycle, net heat flow into the system from isolated surroundings in the box and the box has an inlet which just enough heat flows to balance that consumed by the cycle. why can't this process run...

How do particle colliders read the trajectories of particles in the collider? Are EM waves emitted from each of the particles? If some particles do not emit EM waves, does the "sensor" only read particles that emit EM waves? ...In other words, what bridges the gap between our pictorial data and...

I need some help on the following question: Let N() be a poisson process with parameter \lambda . I need to find that probability that N((1,2]) = 3 given N((1,3]) > 3 I know that this is equal to the probability that P(A \cap B) / P(B) where A = N((1,2]) and B = N((1,3]) >...

I have a small doubt regarding the workdone derivation in adiabatic process. Here is the derivation W= (P1V1-P2V2) = mR(T1-T2)/n-1 AS we know R/n-1 = Cv and Cp/Cv=1 also considering m=1 W=Cv(T1-T2) but in textbook it is quoted as...

The polytropic law states: (1) P1V1n = P2V2n The perfect gas equation states: PV = mRT --> P1V1/T1 = P2/V2/T2 If T1 = T2 then (2) P1V1 = P2V2 So, how can equation 1 and 2 both be true for the same gas? If the gas follows a polytropic process, where n ≠ 1, how can 2 be...

In my textbook (Physics Principles With Applications - Giancoli 7th Edition) it states that "We assume the gas is in contact with a heat reservoir (a body whose mass is so large that, ideally, its temperature does not change significantly when heat is exchanged with our system). We also...

I recently became interested in the chlor-alkali process, specifically the one using a salt bridge, and wondered if I could adapt the setup to synthesize other salts. I have KNO3, but want to remove the nitrate ion and bind it to some other metal, such as copper, and be left with KOH. Of course...

All of the related work is in the attachment. If you could please help it would be really appreciated. I've asked a bunch of people in my class, and they're confused also. Thanks in advance!

Homework Statement Word for word of the problem: Let N (t, a) = At be a random process and A is the uniform continuous distribution (0, 3). (i) Sketch N(t, 1) and N(t, 2) as sample functions of t. (ii) Find the PDF of N(2, a) = 2A. Homework Equations A pdf is 1/3 for x in...

Homework Statement How much work is done on the gas in the process shown in figure P12.24. This is from College Physics: A strategic approach, 2nd addition, by Knight, et al. Ch.12, #24 The graph shown is kPa vs V(cm^3). It's a constant temperature process (isobaric) at 200 kpa. I was able to...

1.Keeping a spring compressed for 1 hour by fixing clip. 2. Keeping the similar spring compressed for 1 hour by holding in our hands. What difference is there in the two processes? (Man gets tired means energy is spent. Does clip get tired? How?

Brand spanking new to the forum. Registered just to ask this question... We have a machine at work that has the following parameters: tempurature pressure time This machine machine processes a prodcut that has two properties: quantity stiffnes shade (Not really sure if the shade...

Homework Statement You've been asked to draw a P&ID for a water heating system. 20 tonne/hr of water is to be pumped from the atmosphere into a heat exchanger at 1.6 MPa. Steam is being used to heat the water to 145 C. The heated fluid is then stored in a vessel, which is designed to hold 4...

Homework Statement Assume that a gas obeys the VDW Virial expansion Pv = RT + (b-a/RT)P to first order in P and u = 3RT - aP/RT to first order in P, where v and u are molar quantities. In the following cycle (see attachment), the heat transferred to the gas is transferred by direct thermal...

Homework Statement Let X(t) and Y(t) be independent Poisson processes, both with rates. Define Z(t)=X(t)+Y(t). Find E[X(1)|Z(2)=2]. 2. The attempt at a solution...

Homework Statement Explain whether or not the first or second law of thermodynamics are violated in the below cyclic process (see attachment) Homework Equations Clausius Inequality, Carnot efficiencies, ΔS ≥ 0 for a cyclic process. The Attempt at a Solution The first law is...

Homework Statement A nearly flat bicycle tire becomes noticeably warmer after it has been pumped up. Approximate this process as a reversible adiabatic compression. Assume the initial pressure and temperature of the air before it is put in the tire to be Pi = 1.00 bar and Tf 287K . The final...

Hi, I have a general question about polytropic processes when working with an ideal gas. A polytropic process is one for which PV\gamma = constant. What I am wondering is if we assume that n is constant, does that mean that the temperature does not change for the process? I see that...

term “scattering” more of a general process Is the term “scattering” more of a general process which incorporates the linear effects of reflection, refraction and diffraction?

I can't seem to model this properly. This isn't an assignment, I'm just curious how this will go, lol. So I have this tank with an incoming feed stream with temperature Ti, and an output stream T. It has a jacket where q would be modified depending on the desired output stream T. So I...

In an isobaric process of 1 mole of a monatomic ideal gas, the pressure stays the same while the volume and temperature change. Let's take an isobaric expansion where the volume increases by 2m3 and the pressure stays at 5kPa. If the work done by the gas is the pressure times the change in...

I am posting here because this is NOT homework. Problems are finished. However we have an exam on friday for calculus 1 class and well... I've been trying real hard to understand it but professor has a real strong accent and he speaks too low, no one can hear a thing! Anyway, we did the...

Homework Statement Consider a discrete time birth and death process in which the maximal population size is N = 6. Birth rates and death rates are directly proportional to the current size Xt of the population at time t (t = 0; 1; 2; : : :). If the maximal population size is reached, no more...

Homework Statement The angular velocity of a process control motor is (21−(1/2t^2)) rad/s, where t is in seconds. 1.) At what time does the motor reverse direction? 2.) Through what angle does the motor turn between t =0 s and the instant at which it reverses direction? Homework Equations...