Process Definition and 1000 Threads

Hello all, Considering that Einstein told us that E=mc2, that means that any energy is generated at a cost of mass loss? to be more specific: When a power plant generates energy by burning gas or coal, a part of the particles in the fuel burned simply disappear and can't be found in the...

In a non-flow process, 0.6kg of steam at a pressure of 10 bar and a temperature of 235°C is cooled at a constant pressure in a cylinder. After 45 minutes the cylinder contains 0.12 kg of saturated water and 0.48kg of dry saturated steam. Calculate (a)the change in internal energy, the work...

Question 1 In a closed system, 0.6kg of wet steam at a pressure of 5 bar and a dryness fraction of 0.2 is heated at constant pressure until the volume occupied is 0.18m3. (A)Calculate the change in internal energy, the work energy and the heat energy transferred during the process. Question 2...

Hej, basicaly what I have is a program that calculates states of the gas in Carnot cycle (Jet engine). Now my intention is to plot it in T-S diagram. To do that, knowing the states after an each component of engine, I need to evaluate a temperature as a function of Enthropy change knowing only...

https://particle.phys.uvic.ca/twiki/pub/Main/AlisonFaulkner/Drell-Yan.jpg The Feynman diagram for Drell Yan has a gamma-star or a Z as the mediator. Does gamma-star simply mean a photon with a sizeable amount of energy? Is there a well-defined point in the energy of the mediator when it's a Z...

Hello. I plan on doing independent study on the Stochastic Process and time series models. I have already learned two semesters worth of statistics (Mathematical Statistics and Applications by Wackerly, Mendenhall and Scheaffer). And I have taken a semester of multiple regression models. I...

Homework Statement The problem, more like a riddle, that our teacher gave it to us was to find the error in this particular equation: integral of 1/x dc = ln (absolute value of (x)) + C ; perfectly fine integral of dx/3x = 1/3 integral of dx/x ; also fine 1/3 integral dx/x = 1/3 ln...

Homework Statement A two dimensional crystal process is modeled by an Avrami equation phi(t)= 1-exp(-k*t^2), where k>0. Experimental observation suggests that the inflection point of phi occurs at t=2 hours. Find the dimension and numerical value of k. Homework Equations I know how to...

I hope someone can put me on the right track here. I need to derive the infinitesimal generator for a bridged gamma process and have come a bit stuck (its for a curve following stochastic control problem - don't ask). Any tips, papers, books that could guide me out of my hole would be greatly...

Hi everybody. My goal is to design a process that, with no automated machinery (I'm using a mechanical pipette), would allow for extremely uniform coverage (that is, with minimal area of multilayers or empty spaces) of a hydrophilic surface with a thin film of polymer solution. I would...

Consider stochastic process ##X(t)## with properties $$ \langle X(t) \rangle = 0, $$ $$ \langle X(t) X(t-\tau) \rangle = C_0e^{-|\tau|/\tau_c}. $$ For example, the position of a Brownian particle in harmonic potential can be described by ##X##. In that case, the probability...

Let \phi(t) be a Brownian Walk (Wiener Process), where \phi\in[0,2\pi). As such we work with the variable z(t)=e^{i\phi(t)}. I would like to calculate E(z(t)z(t+\tau)) This is equal to E(e^{i\phi(t)+i\phi(t+\tau)}) and I know that E(e^{i\phi(t)})=e^{-\frac{1}{2}\sigma^{2}(t)}, where the...

Homework Statement Assume nitrogen gas (N2) is an ideal gas. n = 7.57 moles of N2 gas are heated isobarically (at constant pressure) from temperature To = 18.6 oC to temperature Tf = 50.9 oC. Find: c) ΔIE, the change in internal energy of the N2 gas Homework Equations Change in IE...

Homework Statement n = 1.46 moles of ideal gas are heated isobarically (at constant pressure) from temperature To = 431 oC to temperature Tf = 1227 oC. Find: change in Energy, Q, W. Homework Equations Change in IE = Q + W W (isobaric process) = P(vf-v1) The Attempt at a Solution...

Homework Statement n = 1.46 moles of ideal gas are heated isochorically (at constant volume) from tepmerature To = 649 oC to temperature Tf = 1184 oC. Find: a) Work done on the system. b) Change in Internal Energy of the system. c) The total heat, Q, added or removed from the system...

Homework Statement Is the process \{X(t)\}_{t\geq 0}, where X(t)=\rho B_1(t)+\sqrt{1-\rho^2}B_2(t) Standard Brownian Motion? Where \rho\in(0,1), \ B_1(t) and B_2(t) are independent standard brownian motionsHomework Equations The Attempt at a Solution Obviously X(0)=0. Now let 0\leq...

Homework Statement A large research balloon containing 2000 m^3 of helium gas at 1.00 atm and a temperature of 15.0 celsius rises rapidly from ground level to an altitude at which the atmospheric pressure is only 0.900 atm (the figure (Figure 1) ). Assume the helium behaves like an ideal gas...

Has anyone come across an example where electromagnetic fields have been applied during crystallization processes. For example to modify crystal properties like magnetization or to change the polymorphism. In principle the use of electric / magnetic fields should change the formation of a...

I have the random process: Sequence 1: 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 ... Sequence 2: 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 ... Sequence 3: 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 ... where let nature choose one of these sequences at random with equal probability 1/3. Can we say anything about this...

A piston-cylinder assembly contains 20kg of air with a specific internal energy of 28K J/kg. It is compressed to a high pressure and the final specific internal energy is 65K J/kg. During the process there is a heat loss of 3.2K J. Determine the work energy input needed for the compressor...

I know carnot's cycle is an example. but what is it exactly? a cycle in which ever part of process has a 'counter-process' please elaborate.

Homework Statement Consider n moles of ideal gas kept in a cylinder with a piston. Two heat reservoirs 1 and 2 with the temperatures T1 < T2 are available, and at any given moment of time the heat exchange is established with only one of the reservoirs. In the initial equilibrium state the...

Homework Statement A system containing 10kg of water undergoes a reversible isothermal process. The initial state can be characterized as saturated vapor at 300°C. The pressure in the final state is 1MPa. The heat transfer during the process in (inKJ) Homework Equations Q = m(U2-U1)+W...

I tried this by the limit process but somewhere can't find my error wolfram says it is 128.25 any suggest or find error?:cool:

A number of aliens, who have just dropped in from another planet, emerge from the spacecraft . (i) There is more than one alien (ii) each alien has the same number of fingers (iii) each alien has at least one finger on each hand. (iv) the total number of fingers of all the aliens is...

hello, This is my first post (attempt 2) Question. What is the probability of a theory being correct or valid if it was made under the following circumstances? Conditions: Very little knowledge of science, just a curious mind. Not looking at knowledge that is known and came...

For reversible, work done =∫P dV Then for irreversible ,we can't use the above equation, because we have to consider the dissipative work. Correct? Thank you

Homework Statement Performance of a car wash center is modeled by the single-server Bernoulli queueing process with 2-minute frames. Cars arrive every 10 minutes, on the average. The average service time is 6 minutes. Capacity is unlimited. If there are no cars at the center at 10 am, compute...

I read on a website that by washing a precipitate with too much de-ionised water; the precipitate is Peptized and thus some precipitate is lost. I am having a hard time understanding what peptization is? Can somebody please help me understand in simple terms for an A level student?

Why does: \int_0^t d(e^{-us} X(s)) = \sigma \int_0^t e^{-us} dB(s) for stochastic process X(t) and Wiener process B(t)? Also, why is the following true: \int_0^t d(e^{-us} X(s)) = e^{-ut}X(t) - X(0)

Is it true that d\int_0^t s dB(s) = tB(t)? If not, why not? If not, what's the correct answer? I've googled extensively for how to find the derivative of an integral, but all sources talk about preceding the integral with \frac{d}{dx}, but I'm preceding it with only d.

Homework Statement (a.) Find an orthonormal basis of R^4 spanned by {1,1,1,1},{1,0,0,1}, and {0,1,0,1}. (b.) Use the inner product to express {2,2,2,2} as a linear combination of the basis vectors. Do not solve the equations. Homework Equations gram schmidt orthogonalization and...

Since HTML is a markup language it cannot process data. So we have to send the data somewhere to produce some output. But why do we need to send it to a different server where data is processed using PHP language? Why can't we just have an external c or c++ program and have a way to send the...

C++ or verilog or random process ?? I'm currently in 3rd year of my undergrad in Electronics & Communication engg. For my 6th semester, I'm required to take 1 elective from the following- -Data Structures with C++ -Random Process -Digital System Design using Verilog -Analog & Mixed mode VLSI...

Please see the attached photo. I am not sure how to proceed. I do not know Mi or M2, nor do I have enough information to determine the temperature at point two (when the valve is closed). Any help getting me going along will be much appreciated. :)

Understanding energy transfer during the creation of entanglement Below is an attempt to understand the energy transfer process during entanglement, please correct where required. Broadly/conceptually speaking: There are two kinds of 'energies’ associated with a photon. 1. The photon...

Can we define specific heat capacity for an adiabatic process ?? Would it always be zero since dQ is 0 for an adiabatic process? Also, can we define specific heat capacity for isothermal processes ? Would it be infinity in all cases? Just want to verify if I am thinking along the...

Homework Statement A mineral slurry contains 3 components, solids, liquids and toluene. The slurry has 20 wt% solids and 80 wt% liquid. In the liquid portion of the slurry the mole ratio of toluene to water is 1:5.67 Determine the composition of the slurry (solids, toluene and water) in...

Hey, during last lecture of thermodynamics we did polytropic processes, and with no discuss teacher said, that isobaric process is in general polytropic. If we had ideal gas, then it is clear, bud what if the gas isn't ideal? I tried to proof it, but I stuck and don't know how to continue...

Hi there, I'm having a great deal of trouble with this thermodynamics question. Cylinder filled with steam at 350 kN/m2. Initial volume is 0.05 m3. Sufficient heat transfer is effected to raise the internal energy in each cylinder by 50 kJ. The piston is moved slowly to maintain the...

Hi! I have this experiment, that keeps getting me frustrated. The experiment is simple: We have hot water and a long plastic tube with one end closed. We simply measure how much water is in the tube and from that we get the water volume (water is in cylinder shape). But there is something I...

Hi, I'm writing a small student-paper on heat pumps, and I'm not at the point where i explain the physics behind it. This is probably a silly question, but there's something I can't seem to understand about the throttling process. First off I get that the enthalpy is conserved through the...

Homework Statement For an ideal gas, undergoing a quasistatic process, the equations below are correct. Evaluate them given that we have an isothermal process Homework Equations PV^\alpha=K where K is a constant and \alpha=C-C_P/C-C_V W = \frac{K}{\alpha -1}...

Hi everybody Any ideas how to simulate a Gaussian stationary process in R language using predefined variance and mean? I have a uni-variate normal distribution for my real life process Thank you

Homework Statement Supercooled water is water that is liquid and yet BENEATH the freezing point. a) A sample of 131 g of supercooled liquid water freezes to solid ice at a temperature of -8.00 ° C. Using the following, Cp,ice = 38.09 J/molK Cp,liquid = 74.539 J/molK fusH° (at T=0 °...

Homework Statement I have a general concept inquiry. I was doing some thermal homework, and calculating values of Q in a given cycle. One process was isothermal, however it turned out that Q was not zero, causing me to wonder: How can there be a heat transfer in an isothermal process...

Hello All, I am interpreting a diagram from the following question. (I didnt have a chance to take thermo and I learned it by myself so I might have some problems) http://www.physicsgrad.com/pgre/9677-15 I understand that I can just do ΔW and I get the right answer, but upon doing it...

According to my textbook, during an irreversible process, the entropy change of the surroundings is given by \frac{q}{T} where q is the heat transferred to the surroundings during the process. Why are we allowed to use this equation, considering that this equation only holds for reversible...

Homework Statement 1kg air with the pressure 10^6 Pa and temperature 398K expands until the volume is 5 times its' initial value. The expansion occurs so that in every moment the absorbed heat energy (dQ) is 1/4 of the work done by the gas. Find the final pressure. 1kmol of air has the mass...

For a reversible process, I imagine it is correct to say that dS = \frac{dq}{T} where all quantities refer to system quantities (not the surrounding). However, for an adiabatic process, dq = 0 . Thus, should it be the case that for an adiabatic reversible process, dS =...