Temperature Definition and 1000 Threads

I want put here an imaginary, but close to reality scenario. We have 3 MW power plant here having 1800 kg/hr or 0.5 kg/sec steam flow and the exhaust will be steam at 1 bara pressure and 100C temperature. If a cooling system of 2000 ton capacity is fitted to the Condenser, how much it can...

Hi Guys, Thanks for looking at the post firstly. I'm in the process of creating a chamber roughly around 30mm x 50mm x 70mm (W, L, H). The chamber will be used below the typical refrigeration temperature (-18°) of around -50°C. Please could you offer some advice where to start with this. 1...

Homework Statement Im trying to understand what would be the correct approach for calculating the constant pressure specific heat for an ideal gas undergoing a process where the temperature is changing. The reason I am asking is because the equation used to calculate Cp0 is dependent on the...

Homework Statement The ammonia molecule (NH3) has a dipole moment of 5.0×10−30C⋅m. Ammonia molecules in the gas phase are placed in a uniform electric field E⃗ with magnitude 1.3×106 N/C . Part A: What is the change in electric potential energy when the dipole moment of a molecule changes...

Temperature is the average of the kinetic energy of the particles, if the bunch of particle moves fast and you look at the particles in two differece frame of reference, on steady with the bunch of particles and the other not, in the last one you get an higher temperature of the bunch of...

We all know that the temperature of the back ground radiation is 3k, but how have we calculated the intiial temperature of the big bang.

Homework Statement The thermal conductivity of copper is 4 times that of brass.Two rods of copper and brass having same length and cross section are joined end to end. The free end of copper is at 0 degree C and the free end of brass is at 100 degree C. The temperature at the junction is...

A rigid tank with a volume of 2.00m3 contains 5.77 kg of saturated liquid-vapor mixture of water at 75 deg C. Now the water is slowly heated. Determine the temperature at which the liquid in the tank is completely vaporized. Why isn't the temperature just 75C? If it is already a mixture in...

For example, in this question.. A 11 L rigid container contains 10-kg of R134a at 100kPa. Determine the temperature and total enthalpy in the container. Why can we just assume that the temperature we're looking for is T_sat, how do we know this isn't a compressed liquid? How do we know it...

Hello ! 1. Homework Statement i study for my exams. here is my current problem: a non-specific conductor is connected to an ideal battery (surrounding temperature: 20°C) and reaches a temperature of 24 °C . after cut in half it is again connected to the battery. what temperature does it reach...

For one my homework questions I was asked to find the specific heat capacitance of a certain material. The specific heat capacitance has a temperature dependence given by: c = 0.20 + 0.14T + 0.023T2 the units for T is temperature in Celsius and c is measured in cal/gK. 2.0 g of the material was...

Homework Statement (1) Let the random variable X be the body temperature in ◦C for a randomly chosen person during waking hours. X is assumed to be a normally distributed with mean E(X) = 37.5 and standard deviation sd(X) = 0.3. Let Y be the body temperature in ◦F for a randomly chosen person...

The reason I am making this thread is because I have a question regarding predicted temperatures of planets based on their area, distance from the sun, and albedo. Going by the planetary equilibrium temperature, T4 = [L(1-a)]/(16σπD2), I have seen numerous websites state that Venus would...

if i take a box and fill with solid metal that has a temperature T . what if the box is accelerated to the speed of light . would T -> 0 ?

Since enzymes have particular temperature on which they are able to catalyze the reaction and increasing the temperature above optimum can damage enzymes then how does poiklotherms survive as they change their body temperature according to environment unlike homoiothems. Also wouldn't their...

What temperature does thermocouples show? Static or Total? And also in formulas for example Q(dot) = m(dot) * C_p * (T2 - T1) which temperature should be used precisely?

Homework Statement Why doesn't the temperature of a moving jar of gas increase? Homework Equations Average KE is proportional to temperature The Attempt at a Solution This is just an extension of a problem my friend sent me, and I'm stuck on why even though average velocity is increasing...

Hello - I just starting out in chemical engineering. I hold a batchelor's degree in Chemistry, and am making a transition to ChemE. This isn't for any class, just in general for reference, does anyone know of a good book that is primarily just thermodynamic charts, like T-S diagrams? I have...

Hey all, first time posting! So I'm having trouble with understanding the differences between the constant heat flux and constant temperature condition when not in a textbook. Some research I have begun working on involves a strip of heat tape sandwiched between two aluminum plates which are...

Suppose, there are two cylinders of compressed gas, say air. Both are at same temperature and pressure and the amount too is same. Now, contents of both are released but in a different way. One has been released directly and the other has been released through compressed air turbine having a...

Hi. Temperature is movement on a microscopic scale, and movement leads to time dilation. So what happens if we heat up a clock? Let's for example assume a pendulum with negligible thermal expansion, such that all other thermal effects on the period can be neglected. Will it run slower? What...

Hi, I would like to ask a question, if I may: if I have a body with a calculated Inertial moment at time t0, that in a space of time delta t changes, there's a variation in its kinetic energy, right? How can I calculate the released temperature in that elapsed time? Is that energy all lost in...

Homework Statement in this question , it's not stated that whether the temperature change from 20°C to -20°C or -20°C to 20°C . I'm confused... Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution I think it should be changing from 20°C to -20°C so delta T = (-20-20) = -40°C , am i right ?

Hi all! I have a certain quantity of a radioactive material (e.g. 1 kg) in the open space. How can I calculate the temperature of this material as a function of time? If it is useful, we can consider a beta decay material. Thanks a lot.

I am trying to estimate the amount of electrical power needed to heat up a material from 20C to 1000C in 20 seconds. Assuming it is 18sqin and 3mm thick, I used the specific heat which was given as 0.78 J/gC and weight 11.39g (from the destiny of 3.26). 0.78 J/gC x 11.39g x (1000C - 20C) /...

Hey I m new here. I hope u all will cooperate with me. As I have read much about proportionality in science. So can I say that when time increases temperature also inreases or decreases. So time is proportional or inversely proportional to temperature.

Why all liquids vaporize on boiling point instead of the temperature gradually increasing along with vapor pressure and more liquid atoms evaporating? Does it have anything to do with formation of vapor bubbles?

Homework Statement in the notes , i was told that ∂A is the resistance of aluminium rod...I'm wondering the change length of steel rod that we can 'see' is ∂ st or ∂T(st) ? Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution I think the change length of steel rod that we can 'see' is ∂ st ?

The Kelvin scale states that the temperature is a measure of the kinetic energy of the particles(molecules) of the system. But what is the temperature of a system where there are no particles...for example free space, far away from the stellar civilisation...

Hi all, I'm reviewing device physics and I would like to understand how majority and minority carrier concentrations for both N- and P-type substrates change with temperature. My reference, Pierret's Semiconductor Device Fundamentals, has this figure: and I want to generate curves for all...

I know how to calculate blackbody radiance in a spectral band from a temperature by integrating (or summing) planks function. How can I do the reverse? For example, I have a Radiance of 1000 W/m^2/sr in the 3-5um band, I'd like to be able to calculate 666.6K.

Hi I have a question about temperature rise and thermal conductivity. If I have a small 1 watt heater (3 x 3 x 3mm) in the middle of a rectangular block (100x40x70mm) made of a material that has a thermal conductivity of 0.48W/mk, how do I work out the final temperature that the block settles...

I've seen a bit of research that relies on imaging methods like FLIR for input. My question adds a couple wrinkles: How could a robot Navigate without imaging? I.e., using only local sensors like a thermocouple or array of thermocouples. Extract navigation info from turbulent thermally...

In the following video (, diagram also given for reference), the professor says that if the graph peaks in a short wavelength, then the star is a hot star (or galaxy) and if it does so in a long wavelength, then it's a cold one. However, I fail to understand this. How does it happen that if a...

Will all particles be in excited state in boson condensate if temperature approach infinity?

Hi everyone Would like some help here. If I draw a control volume across a valve that I can control the flow area to, and I know the temperature and pressure upstream of the valve, I will know its enthalpy:in. High temperature liquid going through this valve supposedly changes to steam due...

I'm a bit confused about the following situation. In a irreversible thermodynamics process the molar heat of an ideal gas changes according to a function of the temperature, say ##c_v=f(T)## (which also leads to ##c_p=R+f(T)##) and I'm asked to determine the heat exchanged during that process...

Hello everyone, I know that pre-main sequence stars do heat up because of gravitational contraction, and the increase in internal energy (and so in temperature) comes from this shrinking and is governed by the virial theorem (...

Homework Statement A cylindrical glass tube (linear thermal expansion coefficient ##\alpha##) contains liquid (volume thermal expansion coefficient ##\beta##). The height of the tube is ##h_{t,0}## and the height of the liquid inside of it is ##h_{l,0}##. If the temperature changes of an amount...

Hi! I am looking for a textbook that explains/describes for moving mechanical structures (such as linkage mechanism, engines, ... and not buildings, bridges, ...) the stresses, deformation, wear, temperature change, ... due to operating. E.g. Linkage mechanism: what are/defines the stresses...

Hi folks, Let's pick a simple example, the H atom. We can calculate all spherical armonics, all quantum numbers so we are able to know which are all the possible states of the electron. We know all the values this observables can take. But the question is, let's say we have a handbook of...

Homework Statement [/B] This is a practical problem, no homework question. I'd like to determine pressure (and O2 partial pressure) at altitude, yet following a more realistic real-world calc including measured data like relative humidity (RH) and temperature at that altitude, yet all I can...

Hi folks, so here's my recent problem, My car has a broken MAF (mass airflow sensor) the semiconductor innards are ok but the very thin metal strip that comes into the airflow tube has become brittle from old age and broken up. I know the MAF works when it sends a low voltage through the...

I'm doing independent study on semiconductors to prepare for a future class and I'm having problems with some problems that concern finding the n and p of doped Silicon given only a temperature, NA, ND, and Ni. I understand that n*p=Ni^2, but, given that this means that n does not equal ND (and...

Homework Statement Two scientists detected the cosmic microwave background radiation at a frequency of 160 GHz. What is the temperature of the universe? Homework Equations peak wavelength x temperature = 2.898 x 10^-3 c = f x wavelength The Attempt at a Solution I calculated the wavelength of...

Homework Statement Exercise 4 in the upload titled Dok1.pdf. Write down an expression for the canonical partition function for N ideal Na2 gas molecules, when the rotational contribution is treated classically, and all inner degrees of freedom are treated quantum mechanically. Use this and...

Homework Statement For a gas of N fermions with mass M in 2D in a region of area A in thermal equilibrium at temperature T, we are asked to find ##U/N## in fuction of ##T## and ##a=A/N##. The attempt at a solution I used ##U=\sum(<n_i>\epsilon_i) = \sum(\exp(\beta(\mu-\epsilon_i))\epsilon_i...

I mean, currently it seems that scientists are using equilibrium temperature of exoplanets (calculated assuming an Earth-like albedo) to determine whether a planet is habitable or not. But aren't there other more accurate ways to determine surface temperatures of exoplanets? I learned Wien's...

I am not a scientist or particularly good with math or formulas. I have been curious about this for a while, and would appreciate anyone clarifying/correcting me. I have a stainless steel container that can be heated up to 75 degrees celcius/165 degrees Fahrenheit in a bain marie. It can hold...

Hi all, Star surface temperature determines the occurrence of photosphere, where radiation can escape from star interior due to diminishing gas ionization and radiation absorption. If it was true the star photospheres should have the same temperature and Herzsprung-Russell diagram should be...