# Mechanics -- Converting volumetric flow rate to nozzle velocity

1. May 7, 2015

### moenste

1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known data
A hose with a nozzle 80 mm in diameter ejects a horizontal stream of water at a reate of 0.044 m3 s-1. With what velocity will the water leave the nozzle? What will be the force exerted on a vertical wall situated close to the nozzle and at right-angles to the stream of water, if, after hitting the wall, (a) the water falls vertically to the ground, (b) the water rebounds horizontally? (g = 10 m s -2, density of water = 1000 kg m -3)

Answers: velocity = 8.75 m s-1, (a) 385 N, (b) 770 N.

2. Relevant equations
Mechanics equations.

3. The attempt at a solution
I tried to get velocity with: V*0.08 m = 0.044 m3 s-1 but got only 0.55. I did try some other various calculations using the given diameter and the rate of ejection but do not think that they are of any value. Really lost on finding velocity.

For a and b:
(a) 0.044 ms * 1000 kgm = 44 kg is being ejected in one second.
44 kg * 8.75 ms (velocity from the answer) = 385 N
(b) I suppose that if the force is so strong that water rebounds backwards, the force should be twice as much = 385 N * 2 = 770 N. The answer fits the book answer, but I am not sure whether my logic is correct.

So in sum: any help with finding velocity? Really lost. And logic for part b is correct? Or I should have calculated it in an other way?

2. May 7, 2015

### Staff: Mentor

Check your units. The left side should not be speed times diameter, but speed times what?

3. May 7, 2015

### BvU

For part (b) your intuition is correct. You can give it a solid base by realizing that $F = {\Delta p\over \Delta t}$

4. May 8, 2015

### moenste

In a similar problem from the book the author multiplies 2 ms-1 = 2 m and a cross-sectional area of 0.03 m2, so 2 m * 0.03 m2 = 0.06 m3 --- volume of water leaving the pipe in 1 second.

In my case if I take the book answer of 8.75 ms-1 = 8.75 m then: 8.75 m * X = 0.044 m3s-1. X = 5 * 10-3 m2. I googled cross-sectional area and got this video:

So:
80 mm diameter = 80 m / 2 = 40 mm radius.
40 mm / 1000 = 0.04 m.
A = πr2
A = π*0.042 = 5.0265...*10-3 m2

So finding v:
v * 5.0265...*10-3 m2 = 0.044 m3
v = 8.75 ms-1

Correct?

5. May 8, 2015

Perfect!