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myoho.renge.kyo
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in this thread i have quoted A Einstein. i give him all the credit for all the definitions and ideas (if I have interpreted them correctly). if I have not interpreted his ideas correctly, it is my fault, and i am sorry. i need help to interpret his ideas. that is why i join this forum. thanks!
all our judgments in which time plays a part are always judgments of simultaneous events. for example, if I say that at 11:00 pm, 9/16/2006, in Burbank, California, a train arrived, I am saying that the pointing of the small hand of my watch to 11:00 pm and the arrival of the train are simultaneous events.
A = a point of space where there is a clock and an observer who determines the time value of an event in the immediate proximity of A by finding the position of the hands (of the clock) which are simultaneous with this event.
B = a point of space where there is another clock (in all respects resembling the one at A) and another observer who determines the time value of an event in the immediate proximity of B by finding the position of the hands (of the clock) which are simultaneous with this event.
A time = the time value of the event in the immediate proximity of A (determined by the observer with the clock at A)
B time = the time value of the event in the immediate proximity of B (determined by the observer with the clock at B)
common A and B time = the time value of the event in the immediate proximity of either A or B (either one determined by either the obsever with the clock at A or the observer with the clock at B). a common A and B time cannot be defined unless we establish that the time required by light to travel from A to B equals the time required by light to travel from B to A. thus to say that there is now a common A and B time is to say that the clock at A and the clock at B synchronize.
stationary system (K) = a system of coordinates in which the equations of Newtonian mechanics hold good.
stationary rigid rod (k) = a stationary rigid rod lying along the axis of x of K. the length of k is l as measured by a measuring-rod which is also stationary. a uniform motion of parallel translation with velocity v along the axis of x of K is now imparted to k.
the length of k in the moving system (the moving system in this case is k itself) = l = the length of k ascertain by the following operation: an observer moving together with the given measuring-rod and k measures the length of k directly by superposing the measuring-rod, in just the same way as if all three were at rest.
the length of the moving system k in the stationary system K = rAB = the length of k ascertain by the following operation: by means of stationary clocks set up in the stationary system K and synchronizing, an observer ascertains at what points (x1 and x2) of the stationary system K the two ends (A and B) of the moving system k are located respectively at a definite time (tA). the observer then measures the distance between these two points by the measuring-rod already employed, which in this case is at rest
at the end A of the moving system k there is a clock, and at the end B there is another clock. these two clocks and the stationary clocks in the stationary system K synchronize. with the clock at A there is an observer, and with the clock at B there is another observer.
at tA (the time value determined by the observer with the clock at A) a ray of light departs from A towards B. at tB (the time value determined by the observer with the clock at B) the ray of light is reflected from B. and at t'A (the time value determined again by the observer with the clock at A) the ray of light reaches A again.
the principle of the constancy of the velocity of light states that "the ray of light moves in the stationary system K with the determined velocity c, whether the ray be emitted by the stationary system k or by the moving system k."
A. Einstein states in the Principle of Relativity, p 45, that
l = c * (tB - tA), where tA and tB = the time values measured by the observer with the clock at A and the observer with the clock at B. for these observers, the ray of light moves with the determined velocity c.
and that
rAB / (c - v) = (tB - tA), where tA and tB = the time values measured by the observers with the clock at x1 in the stationary system K and the observer at x2. for these observers, the ray of light moves with the determined velocity c - v.
so in essence he is also saying that the principle of the constancy of the velocity of light states that "the ray of light moves in the stationary system K with the determined velocity c if the ray is emitted by the stationary system k, but if the ray is emitted by the moving system k, the ray of light moves in the stationary system K with the determined velocity c - v."
why? or why not? thanks! (11:00 pm, 9/16/2006, thru 12:00 am, 9/17/2006, in Burbank, California)
all our judgments in which time plays a part are always judgments of simultaneous events. for example, if I say that at 11:00 pm, 9/16/2006, in Burbank, California, a train arrived, I am saying that the pointing of the small hand of my watch to 11:00 pm and the arrival of the train are simultaneous events.
A = a point of space where there is a clock and an observer who determines the time value of an event in the immediate proximity of A by finding the position of the hands (of the clock) which are simultaneous with this event.
B = a point of space where there is another clock (in all respects resembling the one at A) and another observer who determines the time value of an event in the immediate proximity of B by finding the position of the hands (of the clock) which are simultaneous with this event.
A time = the time value of the event in the immediate proximity of A (determined by the observer with the clock at A)
B time = the time value of the event in the immediate proximity of B (determined by the observer with the clock at B)
common A and B time = the time value of the event in the immediate proximity of either A or B (either one determined by either the obsever with the clock at A or the observer with the clock at B). a common A and B time cannot be defined unless we establish that the time required by light to travel from A to B equals the time required by light to travel from B to A. thus to say that there is now a common A and B time is to say that the clock at A and the clock at B synchronize.
stationary system (K) = a system of coordinates in which the equations of Newtonian mechanics hold good.
stationary rigid rod (k) = a stationary rigid rod lying along the axis of x of K. the length of k is l as measured by a measuring-rod which is also stationary. a uniform motion of parallel translation with velocity v along the axis of x of K is now imparted to k.
the length of k in the moving system (the moving system in this case is k itself) = l = the length of k ascertain by the following operation: an observer moving together with the given measuring-rod and k measures the length of k directly by superposing the measuring-rod, in just the same way as if all three were at rest.
the length of the moving system k in the stationary system K = rAB = the length of k ascertain by the following operation: by means of stationary clocks set up in the stationary system K and synchronizing, an observer ascertains at what points (x1 and x2) of the stationary system K the two ends (A and B) of the moving system k are located respectively at a definite time (tA). the observer then measures the distance between these two points by the measuring-rod already employed, which in this case is at rest
at the end A of the moving system k there is a clock, and at the end B there is another clock. these two clocks and the stationary clocks in the stationary system K synchronize. with the clock at A there is an observer, and with the clock at B there is another observer.
at tA (the time value determined by the observer with the clock at A) a ray of light departs from A towards B. at tB (the time value determined by the observer with the clock at B) the ray of light is reflected from B. and at t'A (the time value determined again by the observer with the clock at A) the ray of light reaches A again.
the principle of the constancy of the velocity of light states that "the ray of light moves in the stationary system K with the determined velocity c, whether the ray be emitted by the stationary system k or by the moving system k."
A. Einstein states in the Principle of Relativity, p 45, that
l = c * (tB - tA), where tA and tB = the time values measured by the observer with the clock at A and the observer with the clock at B. for these observers, the ray of light moves with the determined velocity c.
and that
rAB / (c - v) = (tB - tA), where tA and tB = the time values measured by the observers with the clock at x1 in the stationary system K and the observer at x2. for these observers, the ray of light moves with the determined velocity c - v.
so in essence he is also saying that the principle of the constancy of the velocity of light states that "the ray of light moves in the stationary system K with the determined velocity c if the ray is emitted by the stationary system k, but if the ray is emitted by the moving system k, the ray of light moves in the stationary system K with the determined velocity c - v."
why? or why not? thanks! (11:00 pm, 9/16/2006, thru 12:00 am, 9/17/2006, in Burbank, California)
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