Andrew Mason
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Entropy requires a temperature. Temperature requires a sufficiently large number of molecules to have a Maxwell-Boltzman distribution of energies. So it is not that entropy is irrelevant at the small scale. It is really that it is not defined at the small scale.lalbatros said:When we observe entropy-decreasing fluctuations, we are supposed to "say" that the second law is irrelevant on the microscopic level.
No. If you made an experiment for which one only had to wait a billion years, there is a good chance we could observe it happening somewhere in the universe all the time. The second law is not being violated anywhere in the universe.Of course, if we wait longer -say 1 billion years- we increase the chance to observe entropy-decreasing fluctuations on scales that we -today- would call "macroscopic".
The second law will not be violated on any time scale with respect any collection of molecules for which a temperature can defined.Looks like, then, that the second law is about "small-scale" and "short-times" phenomena.
Is then "small" and "short" to be understood on a human-scale?
Do you mean if you witnessed an event that has a chance of one in 10^billion universe lifetimes of occurring that you would disprove the second law?Should I conclude, based on your definition of a physical law, that any fluctuation disproves the second principle? It would then be a physcial law, but a wrong one!
Suppose you thought you witnessed such an event, that heat flowed spontaneously from cold to hot all by itself for a brief instant. Since you could not repeat the result and no one else can repeat it because it never occurs again, what have you proven? You could never really determine whether your result was a mistake or a real observation. The chances are much better that it was a mistake than a real event.
No. The temperature of matter - a collection of molecules - is defined by the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. One cannot just make up a definition of temperature. It is a real law based on science not an arbitrary definition.Further, can't also we take the point of view that the Clausius statement simply defines what "temperature" means? Even empiral temperatures would fit the Clausius definition of temperature according the the Clausius statement of the second principle.
Defining that heat (energy) goes from hot to cold, is that a law of physics?
Can a definition become a law?
AM