Electrons Definition and 998 Threads

I'm studying electron spin/magnetic field and I was taught electrons can have only 2 spin orientations, as seen in the Stern and Gerlach experiment. But this orientations are given in relation to what? Do all electrons in the universe have the only 2 same orientations, or only the electron in...

I'm curious, when an electron is bombarded by another electron or photon does the electron even jump at all if the incoming particle does not have the minimum energy to make it jump to the second orbital. That is do the electrons have some sort of knowledge before the collision occurs and know...

I often read that electrons that pass through two small openings in a wall will land on a back screen and make a pattern as if the electron were a wave. But if we look at the electrons the distribution on the screen is as if the electrons are particles. What does it mean to "look at the...

Hi all if we can't see an atom, how do we know how many electrons and protons by number it have ? please be as detailed as possible

Apparently, this would be an easy question but I really have no clue. Consider a battery connected by a simple wire from positive terminal to the negative terminal. How do electrons flow? From -ve to +ve terminal? Right? NOW, how does it move so? In most texts, they say due to the potential...

Homework Statement Electrons with energies of 0.201 eV are incident on a barrier 2.386 eV high and 0.383 nm wide. Find the probability for these electrons to penetrate the barrier. Homework Equations Note: h = h-bar k=Sqrt[2*m (V - E)]/h T = (1 + (V^2 (Sinh[k*L]^2))/(4*R (V -...

Homework Statement (see attachment 1) Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution Here's what I've thought. See attachment 2. I think that the emitted electrons will follow trajectories which would intersect at a common point. The differently coloured trajectories shows...

...an electric field?

I apologize if I am missing a major point, but I thought it was worth a try. If electrons are governed by wave-particle duality, do the waves permeate all of space? Does this mean that electrons we force into a particle, come from the same wave or do they have individual waves? And if so, how...

At the moment, I'm interested in power inhibition. One of my goals is to find something that knocks out power that DOESN'T damage equipment, like an EMP. I had an idea to find a way to attract electrons to an object, such as a magnet. Does anyone know of anything?

Working on understanding the physics of how an electron oscillates along the Earth's magnetic field. I understand that an electron will spiral around the magnetic field line, that's easy to tell from the Lorentz force. What I don't understand is what causes the oscillation. My best guess is...

My answer to a) is 1.14 * 10^-19 J, which is correct. My answer to b) is 1.14 * 10^19, which is not correct. The correct answer is 8.8 * 10^18. How did they get that? because if 1 electron has 1.14 * 10^-19 J then won't we need 1.14 * 10^19 electrons for 1 J ?

Hello, Is it true that according to molecular orbital theory valence electrons in molecules are not assigned to individual atoms? Does this mean that even lone pairs are not assigned to inidividual atoms in a molecule , but rather assigned to a specified area across the molecule? Thanks!

Hi all, Why do the fermi level for electrons and holes coincide in equilibrium condition and why they separate as quasi fermi levels in non equilibrium situation?

Is it theoretically possible to have: a) a helium atom with 2 protons, 2 electrons, and 2 antineutrons b) a helium atom with 2 negatrons, 2 positrons, and 2 neutrons c) a helium atom with 2 protons, 2 positrons and 2 neutrons etc...

Hello. So I was wondering that when you shoot an electron through an uniform magnetic field, obviously Lorenz force starts to skew the path to that corkscrew shape that we all know. But then there is an acceleration towards the center of the circle, and if the the velocity of the electron...

How do you obtain electrons and know their average velocity?? Hello guys! I am currently trying to experiment with charge accelerators. I soon tripped inside a really big hole. I soon realized that I didn't know how to measure the amount of charge(in coulombs) a charged conductor has. So...

Ok so if an electron is launched at a high speed such as 7 million m/s and it travels through air it would encounter resistance that would slow it down even though it is a subatomic particle. I am guessing that you would not be able to apply standard air resistance equations to figure out the...

So I understand that: Protons= 2 up quarks and a down quark... and Neutrons= an up quark and 2 down quarks... and Electrons are not made of quarks (so small!) So my questions are: 1.) According the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, we don't know how many strings (according to string...

hello all... i have a question: In an electric circuit the velocity of electrons are very small than how they will pass through all the elements of a circuit and gain or/and loss potential energy? for example let's take a basic circuit : An EMF and a resistor. How the electron in a resistor will...

Hi, everyone :) Recently I've read a paper and found in that paper that the authors derived the wavefunction of moving free electrons from its own electric and magnetic field. It was quite a shock to me. So, for free electrons without external electric and magnetic field, why additional...

I am wondering if there is an exchange of electrons in the flow of electricity. If I shove a fork in an outlet (i'm not going to do this) will electrons enter my body? Am I "absorbing new electrons" ? If so, where did they come from. I know how power generation works, but did those electrons...

Homework Statement Explain why electrons carry a net energy but not a net current in the case of thermal conduction. Homework Equations n/a The Attempt at a Solution n/a Please help me understand this!

When something is charged, is the number of excess electrons a large or small number when compared to the total number of atoms?

Hello. I was studying the Semiconductor and I am confused with this diagram. I have attached the diagram. Please tell me briefly what does this diagram say. So that I could ask further. I have confusion with this diagram. I don't want to be specific so that you describe the whole diagram...

Bear in mind, I may be very misinformed, I'm going from something I found on this forum a while back. Are you sitting comfortably? Well I'll begin. If the electron is indeed a point particle (zero volume) then how can it move without teleportation (of sorts) because say an electron has...

Thank you for any help you are able to provide. I myself think that the electrons will flow to the human body and further drain the battery.

Homework Statement A 50.0 g ball of copper has a net charge of 2.00µC. What fraction of the copper’s electrons has been removed? (Each copper atom has 29 protons, and copper has an atomic mass of 63.5.)Homework Equations 1.00 C× (1proton)/(1.60×10^−19C)=6.25×10^18 protons C = coloumb, the SI...

This is an arbitrary question Is it possible that regardless of whatever atom is present, a process is used to remove all electrons in the atoms that comprise a specific substance? For example if I had say what I will arbitrarily call "An electron boiler" and I just dump in any house...

Can an electron conduct heat? I know electrons are partially the reason why metals conduct heat, but can an electron itself conduct heat? In other words, does an electron have a heat capacity?

Homework Statement Use approximations to find the number of free electrons in a 4mm diameter solid sphere of copper. What fraction of its electrons have to be removed to leave a sphere with a charge of +50μC? Note that density of 29_Cu is 8.96 g/cm^3 and molar mass 63.54g/mol Hint: Atomic...

So if any subtance has theoretically 0 degrees kelvin, it will be a solid, correct? So does that mean that temperature is the main factor that determines state of matter? What i mean to ask is, why would non polar molecules want to be close together like in a solid, when really, the electrons in...

Homework Statement (a) Calculate the number of electrons in a small, electrically neutral silver pin that has a mass of 13.0 g. Silver has 47 electrons per atom, and its molar mass is 107.87 g/mole. Homework Equations N/A The Attempt at a Solution I thought to try using the...

How could you tell whether moving electrons in a certain region of space are being deflected by an electric field or by a magnetic field (or both)? The answer from the textbook is: If the moving electrons are changing speed as they are being deflected, then an electric field is present...

How did scientists/chemists experimentally determine how many electrons an atom has? Hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, etc... I'm wandering what physical experiment would tell you how many electrons an atom has?

Homework Statement The drift current in a p-n junction is 20μA . Estimate the number of electrons crossing a cross section per second in the depletion region. Homework Equations Drift current is the current that occurs due to formation of holes and electrons in the depleted region from...

In this physics textbook, in the part where it is introducing atoms and in particular, electron shells. it says: "the first and inner most shell has a capacity for 2 electrons, the outermost shell has a capacity for 32 electrons" I thought the outermost shell always had a maximum capacity...

I've come across Stephen Wolfram's (creator of Mathematica) original paper in the 70s when he authored it when he was still a teenager, I think (which is pretty genius). Anyway it's about electrons that seemed to have "a neutral vector gluon cloud" and interact with gluons and the strong...

In the Standard Model of particle physics are we to think of the electron(positron) field and the photon field as separate fields? Is it possible to think of the electron(positron) field and the photon field as just different "modes of vibration" of some more basic field? Can this line of...

Hi. I have a little question. In some of my books you can read that the author keeps saying that an electron is orbiting around the nucleus in it's orbital, and if I'm not mistaken, some equations, or explanations, actually comes from assuming that electrons are orbiting the nucleus in a...

Hello, when a coil rotates in a magnetic field an AC is produced at the ends of the coil but do that electrons come from the coil wire ? If yes, shouldn't the coil run out of electrons after some time ? thank you

This will probably sound stupid to a lot of you on here, but I'm a little confused, and this is my first time learning this stuff. So electrons aren't part of an atom is that correct?

"Inside an insulator, the electrons are tightly held by nuclei." What is the force that hold the electrons? I found out from the Internet that insulators have strong covalent bonds inside and so electrons are tightly bounded to the nucleus. But in another source, it is stated that...

Our hands are high in the triboelectric series, which means our hands lose electrons easily. Is there a reason behind?

let X be any hypothetical isolated neutral atom and X- be the anion formed when X gain 1 electron this extra electron is in the valence energy orbit(band) and X- being charged produces electric field check me if i m wrng above now X(neutral) also consists of electrons in the...

Greetings, I have been having some fun in the last couple of days by looking at the details of historically significant experiments. One such is Thomson's discovery of the electron, in which he concluded that cathode rays were, in fact, composed of negatively charged, discrete particles. But...

So the laser test with the slits is as followed as far as I understand. When observed, electrons act as particles. When not observed, electrons act as waves. How can electrons know if your eyes are open or closed? Unless your eyes give off some wort of radiation that it can pick up on...

escaping electrons... how easy is it for an electron to escape the nucleus of an atom and how often does it happen? say we have an atom of carbon, how often will it shed/share or swap an electron, or how often will an electron escape in an average time frame?

Homework Statement Electrons are emitted from a metal as a consequence of their absorption of energy from a light beam. Find the threshold frequency of the metal and the wavelength of emitted electrons. Wavelength of incident light λ = 500 nm Work function of the metal \phi = 2.1 eV Homework...

Hi, I've just started using the formula for the abovie which is given as: n t^3/2 exp(Eg/2kBT) however instead of n= I think the sign is n is proportional, like this ∞ I was wondering which would be correct? Thanks