Expected value Definition and 239 Threads

Now if I'm given a ##\phi(k)##, and I'm asked to find ##\langle p \rangle##, ##\langle p^2 \rangle##, etc. Am I justified to say that ##\langle p \rangle = \hbar \langle k \rangle## and that ##\langle p^2 \rangle = \hbar^2 \langle k^2 \rangle## ?

The question was this: My calculations show that the answer should be equal to work done on crate to make it reach the same velocity which is equal to 216 J but the answer given is 432 J It is believed that extra energy is needed to overcome friction but friction is an internal force and...

In my opinion, answer to (a) is ## \mathbb{E} [N] = p^{-4}q^{-3} + p^{-2}q^{-1} + 2p^{-1} ## In answer to (b), XN is wrong. It should be XN=p-4q-3 - p-3 q-2- p-2 q-1 - p-1. This might be a typographical error. Is my answer to (a) correct?

I am trying to find the expected value of the variance of energy in coherent states. But since the lowering and raising operators are non-hermitian and non-commutative, I am not sure if I am doing it right. I'm pretty sure my <H>2 calculation is right, but I'm not sure about <H2> calculation...

Hi, I asked this question elsewhere, but I didn't understand the answer. It seems to be easy to understand, but for some reason I'm really confuse. I'm not sure how to find the average position of an electron and the average separation of an electron and his proton in a hydrogen atom. To be...

Attempt: Denote ## T## as the hash table, ## h ## as the hash function. Denote ## n ## as the number of keys in the universe, and ## m ## as the size of hash table. Order the set of keys from the universe as ## \{ k_1 ,..., k_n \} ## such that ## k_i \leq k_j ## where ## i \leq j ##. Note...

If X and Y are independent standard Gaussian variables, find the expected value of the maximum of X and Y. Note: This problem is due to @Office_Shredder.

So I ran a python simulation of 1,000 games of toss (50/50 odds) where each game consists of 100,000 consecutive flips. The result was this: 1000 is our starting balance and as expected, there's a nice normal distribution around it. I also calculated the average value after all the games and it...

I submitted this solution, and it was marked incorrect. Could I get some feedback on where I went wrong? Let S represent the event that Party A wins the senate and H represent the event that Party A wins the house. There are 4 cases: winning the senate and house (##S \cap H##), winning just...

So, I have a hamiltonian for screening effect, written like: $$ H=\sum_{k}^{}\epsilon_{k}c_{k}^{\dagger}c_{k}+ \frac{1}{\Omega}\sum_{k,q}^{}V(q,t)c_{k+q}^{\dagger}c_{k} $$ And I have to find an equation for the time evolution of the expected value of the operator ##c_{k-Q}^{\dagger}c_{k}##. I...

I want to know how did author derive the red underlined term in the following Example?

I want to know how did author derive the red underlined term in the below given Example? Would any member of Math help board enlighten me in this regard? Any math help will be accepted.

Hi PF! Take a deck of cards. 26 are red and 26 are black. You draw cards randomly without replacement: if the card is red you gain a dollar, if black you lose a dollar. What's the expected value? My thought process was to look at simple cases and build to a 52 card deck. We know if ##r=0##...

summary: you toss six coins. if you have 3 heads, you don't get any money. if you have 4 or more heads, you get the number of heads amount of dollars. if you have 2 or less heads, you toss six coins again and get the number of heads amount of dollars. the number of ways to get 0 head...

\langle \phi_0| \hat{c}_{-k \downarrow} \hat{c}_{k \uparrow}\hat{c}^\dagger_{k \uparrow}\hat{c}_{-k \downarrow}|\phi_0\rangle = \\ \langle \phi_0| - \hat{c}_{k \uparrow} \hat{c}_{-k \downarrow} \hat{c}^\dagger_{k \uparrow}\hat{c}_{-k \downarrow}|\phi_0\rangle = \\ \langle \phi_0| \hat{c}_{k...

Hi, I was reading this problem and I found a solution on Math Stackexchange which I don't quite understand. Question: Calculate the expected value of the median of rolling a die three times. Attempt: I read the following answer on math stack exchange here "As already noted in a comment, the...

Summary:: checking an expected error Given the question: "If a person tosses two coins and gets two heads, the person wins $10. How much should the person pay if the game is to be fair?" The book gives the answer as $2.5 while I calculate $3.333... E(X) = 0 = $10(1/4) - a(3/4) => a =...

Hey everyone, I have been struggling to find the expected value and median of f(x) = 1/2e^-x/2, for x greater than 0. I am just wondering how I do so? Thank you.

Our class modified an experiment to measure the magnetic field strength in mT between 5cm and 30cm, and I have plotted data and found that the relationship resembles a power relationship (using a log vs log graph). In order to find the percentage uncertainty for the whole experiment I need the...

Calculate the expected value for the number of Asian Zing wings sold

Hey! :giggle: Let $X$, $Y$ and $Z$ be independent random variables. Let $X$ be Bernoulli distributed on $\{0,1\}$ with success parameter $p_0$ and let $Y$ be Poisson distributed with parameter $\lambda$ and let $Z$ be Poisson distributed with parameter $\mu$. (a) Calculate the distribution...

Hey all, So this time I have a different kind of question - namely, "what is this called?" I recall hearing/reading this in at least two places, one of which was YouTube. The idea is the following: A RNG picks an integer uniformly from 1 to N. It picks 4. What is the expected value of N? I'm...

What does the phrase “Due to Lorentz invariance, only the Higgs particle can have a non-zero expected value in a vacuum” mean?

If E(X1)>E(X2), does it mean that E(1/X1)<E(1/X2)? Thanks!

##X_1## and## X_2## are uniformly distributed random variables with parameters ##(0,1)## then: ##E \left[ min \left\{ X_1 , X_2 \right\} \right] = ## what should I do with that min?

Summary:: The price of a house is uniformly distributed between 0 and 1000 but we do not know its exact value. If we place a bid higher than the value, then we obtain the house, but if our bid is lower then we get nothing. If we know we can sell the house on to another person (guaranteed) for...

My guess is that g(x) = x? The limits of integration should be 0 to a, since after a the cup flows over. If I put these in, I get the solution (I've doubled checked with wolfram alpha that it's correct): $$E(Y) = ln(a+1) + 1/(a+1) - 1$$ The textbook solution is just ln(a+1). I'm super new to...

I write p(k) as: $$p(k) = 1/6, k = 2,3,4,5$$ $$p(k) = 2/6, k = 6$$ Is that wrong? Because then the expected value becomes $$1/6 * 4 + 2/6 * 6 = 8/3$$ While my book says 11/3

How to show that$E[N]=\displaystyle\sum_{k=1}^\infty P{\{N\geq k\}}=\displaystyle\sum_{k=0}^\infty P{\{N>k\}}$ If any member here knows the answer, may reply to this question.:confused:

In its flip a lid contest, a coffee chain offers prizes of 50,000 free coffees, each worth \$1.50; two new TVs, each worth \$1200; a snowmobile worth \$15 000; and sports car worth \$35 000. A total of 1 000 000 promotional coffee cups have been printed for contest. Coffee sells for \$1.50 per...

https://www.physicsforums.com/attachments/9838 well not sure why we need 3 different coins other than confusion also each toss at least 2 coins have to have the same face frankly not sure how any of these choices work didn't want to surf online better to stumble thru it here and learn it better...

I can not solve this problem: However, I have a similar problem with proper solution: Can you please guide me to solve my question? I am not being able to relate Y R (from first question) and U (from second question), and solve the question at the top above...

I am looking for the expectation of a fraction of Gauss hypergeometric functions. $$E_X\left[\frac{{}_2F_1\left(\begin{matrix}x+a+1\\x+a+1\end{matrix},a+1,c\right)}{{}_2F_1\left(\begin{matrix}x+a\\x+a\end{matrix},a,c\right)}\right]=?$$ Are there any identities that could be used to simplify or...

My solution is not the same, it has an additional *2 factor and i can't see any mistakes.

hi. How to obtain the expected value of x in the momentum space ?

For a standard one-dimensional Brownian motion W(t), calculate: $$E\bigg[\Big(\frac{1}{T}\int\limits_0^TW_t\, dt\Big)^2\bigg]$$I can't figure out how the middle term simplifies. $$ \mathsf E\left(\int_0^T W_t\mathrm dt\right)^2 = \mathsf E\left[T^2W_T^2\right] - 2T\mathsf E\left[W_T\int_0^T...

For the following distributions find $$E[2^X]$$ and $$E[2^{-X}]$$ if finite. In each case,clearly state for what values of the parameter the expectation is finite. (a) $$X\sim Geom(p)$$ (b) $$X\sim Pois(\lambda)$$ My attempt: Using LOTUS and $$E[X]=\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}kP(X=k)=\frac{1-p}{p}$$...

Hey, I've got this problem that I've been trying to crack for a while. I can't find any info for multi-variable expected values in my textbook, and I couldn't find a lot of stuff that made sense to me online. Here's the problem. Find $E(C)$ Find $Var(C)$ I tried to get the limits from the...

Homework Statement Hello today I am solving a problem where an electron is trapped in a potential well. I have a solved Schrodinger's Equation. I am having problems in figuring out what the wave function should be. When I solved the equation I got a complex exponential. I know I cannot use the...

A coin had tossed three times. Let ##X##- number of tails and ##Y##- number of heads. Find the expected value and variance ##Z=XY##. My solution: We know, that ##Y=3-X##, so ##Z=(3-X)X## for ##X=0,1,2,3##. ##Z=2## for ##X=1,2## and ##Z=0## for ##X=3,0## So, ##E(Z)=E((3-X)X))= 2 \cdot ⅜ +2 \cdot...

Homework Statement We have a coin with probability ##0\leqslant p \leqslant 1## of getting heads. We flip the coin until we get ##7## heads in a row. Let ##N_7## be the number of necessary flips to get the ##7## heads in a row. What is the expected value ##E(N_7)##? Homework Equations The...

Homework Statement Let X be a random variable. It is not specified if it is continuous or discrete. Let g(x) alway positive and strictly increasing. Deduce this inequality: $$P(X\geqslant x) \leqslant \frac{Eg(X)}{g(x)} \: $$ where x is real. Homework Equations I know that if X is discrete...

How do I calculate the average value of some damage values where there is say a 30% chance of critical hit and on a crit 150% damage is done? I run into this problem often, if I had to guess I'd say it's likely related to the binomial distribution because there's either a crit or not, fixed...

Homework Statement An ice-cream store makes 150 ice-cream balls every day. The cost of making each ice-cream ball is $3. The price of an ice-cream ball is $8. The demand distribution is as follows: 100 ice-cream balls with probability 25%, 150 ice-cream balls with probability 50%, and 200...

Hello, I would like to ask, if I am right with my computation. Let´s have a set of integers from 0 to 12. We start at 0 and we can go to 1 with the probability 1. From 1 we can go to 1 or back to 0, both with probability 0.5. When we start at zero, how many steps (exp. number of them) do we...

Homework Statement A random variable Y has a binomial distribution with n trials and success probability X, where n is a given constant and X is a uniform(0,1) random variable. What is E[Y]? Homework Equations E[Y] = np The Attempt at a Solution The key is determining the probability of...

Hello. I'm using Griffiths' introductory textbook on quantum mechanics, which I have just begun, and have arrived at a question on a simple wave function: The answer to the first question I know to be √(3/b). The answer to part e is (2a + b) / 4. My problem is that I don't understand how...

Hey! :o The random variables $X_1, X_2, \ldots , X_{10}$ are independent and have the same distribution function and each of them gets exactly the values $\pm 2$ and with equal probability. We define the random variable $S=X_1+X_2+\ldots +X_{10}$. I want to calculate $\mathbb{E}(S^2)$...

Hey! :o The geometric distribution with parameter $p\in (0,1)$ has the probability function \begin{equation*}f_X(x)=p(1-p)^{x-1}, \ \ x=1, 2, 3, \ldots\end{equation*} I have shown that $f_X$ for each value of $p\in (0,1)$ is strictly monotone decreasing, as follows...

This question comes from the "Introduction to Probability" book (Blitzstein & Hwang). Martin has just heard about a gambling strategy: bet 1 dollar that a fair coin will land heads. If it does, stop. If it lands tails, then double the bet for the next toss, now betting 2 dollars on heads. If it...