Fundamental Definition and 907 Threads

Hello all, I'm currently taking an upper undergraduate two part Mechanics course using the above mentioned book by its author. He's a great professor and I was wondering if anyone else has checked out this book? It's very math heavy and I'm struggling with some of the language since I haven't...

Homework Statement An acoustic signal is composed of the first three harmonics of a wave of fundamental frequency 463 Hz. If these harmonics are described, in order, by cosine waves with amplitudes of 0.100, 0.300, and 0.760, what is the total amplitude of the signal at time 0.401 seconds...

Dear all, I am trying to understand the fundamental theorem of algebra from the text (Alan F. Beardon, Algebra and Geometry) attached in this post. I have understood till the first two attachments and my question is from the 3rd attachment onwards. I will briefly describe what...

Why is it significant enough to be fundamental? Some people say that it is fundamental because it establishes the importance of primes as the building blocks of positive integers, but I could just as easily 'build up' the positive integers just by simply iterating +1's starting from 0.

This question arises from the fact that the muon has a mass close to the first excited state of the radial vibration of the electron (Prog. Theor. Vol. 47 (1972), No. 3 Cohesive force of electron and Nambu's mass-formula).

Homework Statement I seem to have a fundamental misunderstanding of the kinematic principles in this question. A constant force of 8.0N is exerted for 4.0s on a 16-kg object initially at rest. What will the change in speed of this object be? Homework Equations F = ma Δx = v0t + 1/2 at2 Δv =...

Hello, I am a physics student and have catagorised most of physics, e.g classical mechanics, relativistic mechanics, quantum mechanics and quantum field theory, and have also identified all the mathematics involved in each of these catagories. For example classical mechanics involves Calculus...

After reading many questions, , I wonder: is it possible to consider also the other fundamental forces, the electroweak interaction and the strong interaction or ultimately the unification of these, to be fictitious forces like gravity in the framework of general relativity? If we want a final...

Homework Statement Determine whether or not f(x,y) is a conservative vector field. f(x,y) = <-3e^(-3x)sin(-3y),-3e^(-3x)cos(-3y) > If F is a conservative fector field find F = gradient of f Homework Equations N/A The Attempt at a Solution Fx = -3e^(-3x)(-3)cos(-3y) Fy =...

Homework Statement Using Fundamental Theorem of Calculus to find the derivative 2. Homework Equations upper limit=x^2, lower limit=4x ∫ { 1 / [1+ (sin t)^2] }dt The Attempt at a Solution two independent variables are involved, how should i find the derivative? [/B]

Hi All, I understand that when a capacitor is subjected to a DC voltage, it stores charge. However, when the DC voltage is removed (open circuit) why does the capacitor not internally discharge? Shouldn't the charge just go back to where it was, leaving the capacitor with 0 stored charge? I am...

Homework Statement Find the fundamental solution to ty''' - y'' = 0 Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution I think I'm missing something really obvious, but I have the characteristic polynomial: t\lambda^3 - \lambda^2 = 0 Solving the equation: \lambda^2 (t\lambda - 1) = 0 I get zero...

Is more force required at smaller distances like the nucleous of an atom? Since strong force applies itself at the level of the atom does that prove that more force is required at smaller distances to attract according to the inverse square law? Does strong nuclear force obey the inverse square...

Dear all, Please help me understand the proof by induction for only one way of expressing the product of primes up to the order of the factors. Please see the two attachments from the textbook "alan F beardon, algebra and geometry" A is a set of all natural numbers excluding 1 and 0?? r and s...

Hopefully this is the right place to post this question. This is a very fundamental question on the applicability and limitations of classical equilibrium thermodynamics (CET). I've been learning non-equilibrium thermodynamics (NET), and a few sources mentioned that NET is needed because CET is...

I was looking through Zee's 'Quantum Field theory in a Nutshell" and he says that c and \hbar are "not so much fundamental constants as conversion factors." I've heard other physicists say this as well. I understand that these constants are used in some equations to give units of energy so...

This is what I got after watching some documentaries: Acording to the general theory of relativity, gravity is curvature of space-time caused by the massive objects. It was explained that it is not a force in a sense that it acts between two bodies, but it curves the space and the bodies are...

So I've been working on physics homework and we have some vector/dot product questions. This is really long, but the questions I have really are rudimentary at best. I have seven total questions. You're given two vectors that only have an x and y component, A, and B, and the positive Z axis is...

Homework Statement A bolt is dropped from a bridge under construction, falling 83 m to the valley below the bridge. (a) How much time does it take to pass through the last 20 % of its fall? What is its speed (b) when it begins that last 20 % of its fall and (c) just before it reaches the...

Just wanted to let the forum know that through some diligence I have been approved to take the Fundamental Engineering test in South Carolina with a B.S. in Physics. I took about a extra year worth of advanced engineering classes along with skipped all freshman and sophomore engineering...

In quantum mechanics, POVMs can be considered more fundamental than PVMs because PVMs can be considered a special sort of POVM. However, because of the Naimark extension, one can formally consider POVMs to always be derived from PVMs. Accordingly, one could argue that choosing PVMs or POVMs to...

This came up in one of my readings: "Neither the so-called fundamental theorem [of algebra] itself nor its classical proof by the theory of functions of a complex variable is as highly esteemed as it was a generation ago, and the theorem seems to be on its way out of algebra to make room for...

Homework Statement A guitr player changes the frequncy of the note produced by a guitar string by pressing his fingers along the string. The fundamental frequency of the string is 264hz. What are the frquncies of the fundamental note if the player plucked the string at 1/4 of the way from one...

Every 50μs I have access to one sample of an unknown peroidic input signal and I am looking to calculate the RMS of the fundamental component. Is there any convenient ways one can think of doing this?

Caution:This is probably an extremely stupid question but I couldn't find any answers on the web. So, do waves really exist in the physical world the way we plot them on a graph? or is it just our way of representing an entity? and if they truly physically exist, how do we know for sure that...

I was looking at a problem regarding solenoid with an iron core inside. the iron core has an air gap . once the MMF was turned on, a constant flux will flow thru the core and air gap (ignore fringing), so B's are the same for air gap and core but H's are different. I am guessing some similar...

Hi awesome Physicsforum members, I’m looking for a good introdoctury book for learning Statistics (self-study) which succeeds in explaining the concepts very clearly . What I’m looking for in a statistics book My goal with the book is not to achieve some abstract mathematical skills, but...

Bei Lok Hu at the University of Maryland has a review article on the "fundamental decoherence" research topic, which devotes detailed attention to the treatment by Gambini and Pullin. I think it's an interesting topic for several reasons, so I'll give some links. Here's the paper by B.L. Hu et...

To which type of Fundamental forces below the Pauli's exclusion belong? Strong nuclear forces Coulomb forces Weak nuclear forces Gravitational forces

I saw a joke crib sheet for a physics class that said "F=ma, derive the rest," but is it actually possible to derive at least electricity and magnetism questions from Newton's second law?

Has there been a debate as to whether fundamental constants can be chosen freely for a theory or some constraints make it unlikely that to be the case. for example the dimentionful parameters don't have a specific value, only combinations give FSC, that means(to my mind) that there is unlikely...

Heat is a product of excited energy states of the fundamental particles that make up atoms, correct? So do the particles, themselves, get "hot" - or is heat just experienced as radiation on the macroscopic scale? Do neutrons, for example, have a thermal property at all?

I am doing a project on string theory and my first task is to work out fundamental string solution from the I(10) string action in NS sector.I am following A.Dahbolkar, G.Gibbons, J.A.Harvey & F.Ruiz Ruiz, Nuclear Physics B340 (1990) 33—55. Why is it called fundamental string? I have not taken...

The popular fundamental theorem of calculus states that \int_{x_0}^{x_1} \frac{df}{dx}(x)dx = f(x_1)-f(x_0) But I never see this theorem for a dobule integral... The FTC for a univariate function, y'=f'(x), computes the area between f'(x) and the x-axis, delimited by (x0, x1), but given a...

... Three scientists are familiar with Special Relativity and it's rules. The three scientists decide to conduct a Special Relativity experiment. The plan is for two of them to get into two separate rocket ships and pass one another nearly head-on overhead while the third scientist...

Greetings, I am brand new to quantum physics. By that I mean I have no idea of the mathematics and know terribly little about the physics. In fact my best background comes from the book QED by Richard Feynman. Anyway, I do know that there are four fundamental forces which have force-carrying...

If a space X is arcwise connected, then for any two points p and q in X the fundamental groups ##\pi_1(X,p)## and ##\pi_1(X,q)## are isomorphic. This means that we can, up to isomorphisms, identify both groups with their equivalence class ##\pi_1(X)##. I started to think about the generality...

If the B-mode sky plots could be Fourier transformed what would be a plot of the lowest order B-mode harmonic plotted on a sphere look like? I guess we need two functions of spherical coordinates, one function for amplitude at points on a sphere and one function for the orientation at the...

Suppose a is a constant. If G(x) = \int_a^x \Big [ f(t) \int_t^x g(u) du \Big ] dt, what is G\,'(x)? My attempt, G\,'(x) = f(x) \int_x^x g(u) du = 0, and I am sure this is wrong.

Hello! :) I am looking at the theorem: "$f:[a,b] \to \mathbb{R}$ integrable We suppose the function $F:[a,b] \to \mathbb{R}$ with $F(x)=\int_a^x f$.If $x_0$ a point where $f$ is continuous $\Rightarrow F$ is integrable at $ x_0$ and $F'(x_0)=f(x_0)$". There is a remark that the theorem stands...

Homework Statement Let ##[a,b]## and ##[c,d]## be closed intervals in ##\mathbb{R}## and let ##f## be a continuous real valued function on ##\{(x,y)\in E^2 : x\in[a,b], \ y\in[c,d]\}.## We have that ##\int^d_c\left(\int^b_af(x,y)dx\right)dy## and ##\int^b_a\left(\int^d_cf(x,y)dy\right)dx##...

I'm not sure if this is the right place to post- sorry if it's not. ********* Does anyone have an image or link to a website that shows the relative strengths of the strong, weak and electromagnetic forces as a function of energy? I like it as a way to explain spontaneous symmetry breaking...

1. Unit mass of a fluid at a pressure of 3 bar, and with a specific volume of 0.18 m3/kg, contained in a cylinder behind a piston expands reversibly to a pressure of 0.6 bar according to the law p = c/v2, where c is a constant. Calculate the work done during the process. 2. P1V1=P2V2 3. I know...

Hi all. It's been a few years since I've posted here, but it's remained a great go-to resource for me. Any time I have dealt with mechanical vibrations, the fundamental frequency was based on a constant stiffness. However, I have never encountered the subject of finding the fundamental...

Please could somebody explain why the fundamental frequency always has the biggest amplitude in comparison to the rest of the harmonics?

hey pf! i'm trying to get a geometric understanding of the fundamental theorem: \int_a{}^{b}f'(x)dx=f(b)-f(a) basically, isn't the above just saying that if we add up a lot of slopes on a line at every point we will get the difference of the y values? thanks! feel free to add more or correct me

We all know that there four fundamental forces in nature, viz. The gravitational force The electromagnetic force The strong nuclear force The weak nuclear force Now also we know that temperature of any system is the average kinetic energy possessed by the particles of the system Now...

Could someone help me understand the four fundamental forces? I'd like to set up a thought experiment as well: Let's break up our solar system into individual atoms, and create a gas cloud about the size of our solar system. All things like they are, the gas should slowly come together...

Hi folks -- I was reading some (non-technical) work by Frank Wilczek, in which he stated that any fundamental theory -- that is, well behaved in the E →∞ limit -- must be a local gauge theory. Does anyone know of the reasons for why this is thought to be the case? Even sketchy remarks...

I'm in 11th grade of high school and I'm currently in Advanced Pre-Calc and AP Stats and I am teaching myself Physics from a textbook at home (which is Algebra based) because of my intense interest in physics. I also taught myself how to differentiate (on Wikipedia) because of the boredom I felt...