X-ray Definition and 285 Threads

if we saw x-ray waves could we see the inside of the objects?

I read on Wikipedia that x-rays are sometimes used to compress nuclear fuel to initiate fusion reactions. This is probably a stupid question, but how can electromagnetic radiation compress matter?

What's the main reason behind the fine structure of X-Ray transition?

Homework Statement http://b.imagehost.org/0607/Question_7.png Homework Equations [PLAIN][PLAIN]http://d.imagehost.org/0813/Untitled_6.jpg The Attempt at a Solution I was able to get question b, which ends up being 73pm, but as for questions a and c, I was unable to come up with...

In the book of the Dr. Ronald Askeland the problem about x-ray diffraction use the next planes indices to calculate the interplanar distance, but I don't understand why to use such planes indices? Are these planes all of planes in a cubic structure? (111) (200) (211)...

Is it possible to perform x-ray diffraction for 2-D crystal like Graphene? If poossible how does the bragg interference criteria look like here?

I'm sure I'm overlooking something simple here. I am trying to understand characteristic x-rays given off during photoelectric absorption of a photon. The energy from the photon is given to an inner orbital electron and the photon no longer exists. The electron uses the energy to escape, and...

The most extreme ultra-luminous X-ray source, HLX-1 is 300light years from Earth. HLX-1 is the brightest ultra-luminous X-ray source known. Also it is not a supermassive black hole but it is the center of the galaxy. How can it be the brightest x-ray source and be a small black hole?

What is the field of view of a single Chandra X-ray Observatory ACIS CCD chip and how many times could a single CCD fit across the disc of the Moon? If an X-ray source completely fills a single CCD and is located at a distance of 500 pc, how many kilometers across is the object

Why do accelerating electrons (synchrotron) emit x-rays, but accelerating protons (cyclotron) don't? Both are accelerating/decelerating charges.

Hi, I wonder how to compare the power of a laser and an X-ray. For example 1mW power of a laser hitting an object is comparable to the an X-ray generating 1mW of power? Thank you.

This is not really a homework question but a more general plea for an explenation from someone! :) In x-ray diffraction, you get a graph with different peaks that are particular to the composition of your sample. But, why are some peaks are of higher intesities then others? What is it about...

Hello everyone! I have met such a curious thing: When chemists tried to synthesize CaCl by reducing CaCl2 with H2 they got CaClH instead, but the structure of a compound was determined using X-ray structure analysis which is not suitable for determining the position of light elemnts like...

Homework Statement Sketch and label the x-ray spectrum for an x-ray tube with copper as its target, operating at an excitation potential of 20kV.Assume that the copper energy levels are K shell=-9000ev,L shell=-1000ev,M shell=-200ev. Homework Equations This question has me a bit...

I have no clue where to post this in the forum, but this seemed like a good place. So of course there exists a thing like thermal goggles. Maybe it's partly due to me being still somewhat a kid (19 years old), but it seems terribly fascinating to be looking into a whole new spectrum: the...

Homework Statement First-order Bragg diffraction is observed at 25.9degrees relative to the crystal surface, with spacing between atoms of 0.26 nm. a)What is the wavelength of the X-rays? b)At what angle will second order be observed? Homework Equations m\lambda=2dsin\phi The...

Homework Statement The X-ray spectrum of molybdenum has a particular characteristic spectral line of wavelength 6.6 *10^–11 m. The ionisation energy of molybdenum is 20 keV. Deduce that the energy of an X-ray photon of wavelength 6.6*10^–11 m is 19 keV. Homework Equations E=h*f...

Dear Dr. Greenman, I have a question wherefor I do not find the way how to post it on the forum. It is related to radioactivity;: I had to lett taken a X-ray from my longs. When the machine made a grumpy noise, the picture got taken, but at that instant suddenly the whole side of my...

Homework Statement Okay so, I was hoping someone out there might be able to assist me with a Mineralogy problem I have. The concept is based around X-Ray Diffraction. The question: Derive a diffraction equation from the illustration below that relates the reflection angle (theta) to the...

Hello, I am fascinated by the properties of x-rays and their many uses, but i need to clarify a few things: 1) Can x-rays eject electrons from non-metals and possibly even gases, or is compton scattering constrained to metals only? (ie. photoelectric effect) 2) How do you synthesize...

This is more of a confirmation that I got the facts right: Reading around, I found out that the solar wind travels from the Sun to the Earth at a mean speed of 400km/s. Does this mean that it takes around 4 days for a burst of solar wind to cause disturbances in the Earth's magnetic field...

Hi all, using the mass attenuation coefficient and density, one can determine the percentage of X-rays absorbed in a material for a given depth, using the Beer-Lambert Law. e.g. The intensity of a beam of 8 keV X-rays will be reduced by 68% after passing through 70 microns of Silicon...

Hello, I have studied X-ray emission when an electron beam is fired at a tungsten target - But when I was presented with the graph of Intensity versus wavelength, I was confused... I saw a curve, and on it there were spikes. What are these spikes, and why are they caused? Something to...

Hi everyone, is 'X' be capitalized in 'x-ray'? i noticed in physics journals, for e.g., in phys. rev. lett., it is not capitalized! which is correct ?? or just it is a matter of personal taste? actually a silly doubt thanks for replying

Chest x-ray? Not my first post, but had to create another username as I forgot my password and apparently there are not 7 letters in the word "physics"...? Anyway, I have smoked about 1/2 pack of cigs a day for about 18 months now. I really regret this, as it was stupid. Will an ordinary...

I've got to solve this problem and I am having quite an hard time figuring out how... Sorry, but I think I need help: "An astronomer takes a spectrum of a distant quasar using a 4m telescope. With an exposure time of one hour, the optical spectrum contains about 10,000 photons. The source...

Hi, Hopefully I'm posting this in the correct forum. I'm using Nuclear Associates 07-451 flux detector with a gigaohm input impedance such that the measurement read is logarithmically compressed. The x-ray tube is outputting a constant number of rads. The flux sensor is mounted to the...

As heat build-up is a major limiting factor in x-ray tube design, why can't the anode be kept at a low base-line temp to reduce heating and limit the potential for structural damage to the target? Does operating the x-ray tube at relatively low temperatures, say zero celsius, affect x-ray...

What is the advantage/disadvantage of Cobalt X-ray tube over Copper X-ray tube in a X-Ray diffractometer

We all know, Bragg's law , n\lambda=2dsin\theta where 2dsin\theta=path difference. In the derivation of the path difference we take the two incident rays to be parallel which is perfect BUT we take reflected rays also to be parallel.How can this be since the reflected rays have to MEET for...

Hey all, I am just studying for an upcoming medical imaging exam however I am having some trouble understanding a concept: With regards to X-ray beam production, the effective photon energy of a beam is roughly 60-70% of the maximum photon energy (Emax) at a particular Tube voltage in the...

Hi, guys. Did you ever encounter the problem of X-ray disappearing caused by size effect?

1. In satisfying the Bragg's law, n\lambda=2d\sin\theta, n is typically assumed to be one, which explains why we see only one peak for a particular plane (say [400] plane for silicon). But I really don't see why n=2 should not appear as an equally strong peak..? 2. Is the Fourier transform...

First of all, I'm not the one doing this experiment. I've just finished my first year in college and I'm sort of just helping all the upper-level with their research and whatnot. So my knowledge is very limited. With that being said, one of those student is doing X-ray Fluorescence. He was...

I did a bit of x-ray spectroscopy in labs studying Fluorescence of some different elements. I was just wondering whether or not flourescence occurs in all elements? I'm sure I've read people talking about 'flourescecnt materials' or something like that. I can't think of any reason why it...

What's the use of X-ray with angestrom wavelengh in imaging? Do you know of any good source to study more about that?

How would you calculate the cutoff frequency of an x-ray tube operating at 44kV? I am using frequency = work function/h. I have (44000eV x 1.602E-19J)/1.626E-34 but my answer is wrong. I'm thinking that I converted kV to eV incorrectly, but I'm not sure. Thanks.

Hey, I'm working on a problem about the atomic form factor. I found that the atomic form factor of an fcc lattice of Buckyballs (C60 atoms) looks like f~(sin(Gr))/G multiplied bij some constants. The question is now to explain from this atomic form factor why the (2,0,0) X-ray diffraction...

This is for a sci-fi novel I’m writing, and I actually posted this at another site but the answers given were a little vague. What would occur, either on a computer monitor (or other monitoring device, depending on the machine) or on a photo film, if an: a. X-ray b. CT scan c. ultrasound...

Homework Statement A powdered sample of a simle cubic crystal with a lattice constat of 2.83 x 10^-10 m scatters X-rays of wavelength 1.54 x 10^-10 m. What is the smallest angle of scattering that will be observed from this sample? Homework Equations 2dsinθ = nλ The Attempt at a...

Homework Statement Derive an equation to show that there is a unique wavelength at which X-ray photons and electrons have the same energy. Calculate this wavelength and energy. Homework Equations Here's what I thought was relevant. There may be others! For photons: E = hf = h c / λ...

Homework Statement The tube in a medical research X-ray unit uses lead (Z=82) as it's target. Assume the electrons are accelerated through the voltage calculated in part (b). What is the wavelength of the Kα line? Homework Equations KE=-13.6 ev ((Z-1)squared) / (1squared) KE=PE=VQ E=QV λ=hc/E...

Watch at your own risk if your are sensitive. I still do not believe an 8 year old ate 30 metal balls and magnets. Even if an EIGHT YEAR OLD was that stupid, might they have noticed after 1or 2 that they were eating metal? An eight year old can read, right, third grade? This isn't a 2 year...

I was doing a first year imaging lab (in radiography course). We were supposed to check the alignment of the collimation light, and how accurate it represents the x-ray "beam". One of the question in the task question is to determine "the x-ray fields (express this answer in cm and a percentage...

In a lecture today our lecturer illustrated the idea of wave particle duality and gave some experiments that show evidence for the particle side of things. Namely photoelectric and x-ray tube. If I get this right the basic idea is that free electrons are accelerated through a potential...

:confused:the X-Ray the process is like this: An electron hit the metal so there is a photon is emitted. My Q is what happened to the electron that cases the X-ray And what is K(a),K(b),K(g). Or we call them K(alpha),K(beta),K(gamma).

Homework Statement Find the ratio of the energies of the K characteristic x rays of carbon to those of Magnesium. Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution I did it using Bohr's expression of energy...Is there any other method to do it?

Homework Statement An X-ray photon is scattered at an angle of θ = 180.0° from an electron that is initially at rest. After scattering, the electron has a speed of 4.67 x 106m/s. Find the wavelength of the incident X-ray photon. Homework Equations hc/λ = hc/λ′ + KE λ′ = λ + h/mc...

I heard that the X-ray background and peculiar velocities provide evidence that leads scientists to believe in the Big Bang model. What exactly do they have to do with it?

Homework Statement The K characteristic X-ray line for tungsten has a wavelength of 1.94 10-11 m. What is the difference in energy between the two energy levels that give rise to this line? Express this in each of the following units. (a) joules J (b) electron volts eV Homework...