X-ray Definition and 285 Threads

Every time I think that I've seen it all, a story like this comes along. Thankfully, someone reported these two to the FBI. FBI Foils Plot To Build X-Ray Weapon

Hey! I'am doing a X-ray spectrometer lab, need some help regarding the absorption of x-rays by matter. one simple question, does material with higher atomic number stop more x-rays? I have following measurement values: no filter, 6k impulse rate/s 50 Sn, 111 impulse rate/s 30 Zn, 3173...

I hear they emit radiation which deionizes atoms. Is this due to the frequency of the x-ray? Is x-ray light considered radiation?

(My (old) background is math & computer science. I've long loved (mostly) precious opals - for their esthetics, lapidary potential, synthesis (which I've done), and how the play-of-color ("PoC") is produced.) I recently did another couple of passes on the latter in the process of trying to...

Hello, I have the opportunity to rent an apartment directly above a dental office. I'm wondering about the disadvantages to doing that. In particular, I'm wondering if the radiation from their X-Ray machine can travel into my apartment. I would appreciate your insight. Thanks in...

Problem: Determine the wavelength and frequency of the emitted x-rays when 100-keV electrons strike a target. Solution: Assuming all kinetic energy of electrons is used to produce the x-rays, E_initial=E_final K+m_0*c^2=hf+m_0*c^2 K=hf K=hc/λ =>λ=hc/K=(6.63x10^-34 Js)(3.00x10^8...

I am looking to do some experimentation with x-ray imaging of non-living materials, and need advice on how to do it safely. My questions fall under two categories: 1) How do I ensure that the radiation does not come in contact with human flesh, and 2) How do I detect the radiation from the...

X-ray question -- frequencies and energies Homework Statement 1. Why does x-ray with higher frequency possesses higher ionizing power and penetrating power ? 2. Will gamma ray with higher frequency possesses higher ionizing power and penetrating power ? And is "gamma ray has no mass" a reason...

I have a question regarding X-ray diffraction and energy conservation. If one considers elastic scattering from a rod-like structure, the observed diffraction pattern will change as the sample is illuminated from different directions. For some directions the pattern will be point-like, and...

On pp. 459 of Dark Sun: The Making of the Hydrogen Bomb Richard Rhodes writes: He is talking about soft-x-rays in that quote. I understand that X-rays are massless so their weight is zero regardless of the density of the flux. Is this not correct? Is there a better comparison he could have...

Does anyone have a good book that explains X-ray diffraction theory well? Stuff like interference calculations, reciprocal space, diffracted amplitudes and intensity, and the Debye formula.

Some astronomers detected flashes of x-ray in the cosmos. They say it can only be possible because matters temperature increases to million degrees to radiate into x-rays, and only objects entering into black hole could radiate x-rays in whole cosmos. How can you detected x-ray radiation from...

Hey, I'm having trouble finding a clear answer anywhere. When you have a x-ray diffraction pattern, do the dark spots correspond to the positions of atoms? Or do they represent the position of atoms in reciprocal space or something like that? It would seem natural to assume that the peaks are...

Hello, This is a multi-part question that stems from understanding how X-ray diffraction occurs in crystals (eg. protein crystals). 1. Diffraction occurs when Bragg's Law is satisfied, but I'm sure the waves aren't actually being reflected. The x-ray's are scattering. What type of...

Homework Statement In a particluar x-ray tube, an electron approaches the target moving at 2.35 108 m/s. It slows down on being deflected by a nucleus of the target, emitting a photon of energy 40 keV. Ignoring the nuclear recoil, but not relativity, compute the final speed of the electron...

It is said that digital dental x-ray has less radiation. Is it because the sensor used that acts faster in capturing the image. What if you use a traditional film on a digital dental x-ray. Would the radiation be the same?

Hello experts! I have some questions related to the X-Ray Diffraction using Laue's treatment. I have attached some images. I have marked in red what I want to ask. Kindly tell me where did these equations come? Is there any low level physics included too, if so then kindly guide me...

Homework Statement HI, I am practicing some exam questions to get ready for a repeat, below is the question I am having trouble with. "The lattice constants of KCl and KBr are 6.29 angstroms, and 6.59 angstroms, respectively. What would be the first two observed Bragg diffraction angles...

Hello to everybody. I am studying the accreting neutron stars (pulsars) in the X-ray band. Reading a number of papers, I noticed that there are two kinds of transients: the "outbursts" and the "flares". Unfortunately, I still don't understand what is the difference between them, if it is...

I'm trying to figure out how Braggs law is useful for analysing crystal structures. So here's the equation: nλ = 2dsinθ where λ is the wavelength of incident radiation, d is the distance between each layer of atoms in the crystal and θ is the angle of incidence. So to keep things simple let's...

Warm greetings from a first time poster, Thank you for looking. I hope I posted in the correct category and apologize if I did not. My question revolves around a late 19th century painting on wood panel made of cypress with oak strapping (2.6cm thick). I'm having the panel...

Homework Statement Given is the X-ray machine in which electrons are accelerated in the potential difference of 10000 V before hitting the electrode and loosing its energy. Find the maximum energy of the emitted X rays in keV and in Joules. Homework Equations The Attempt at a...

This question has gone unanswered by our friends in nuclear/atomic threads. My question relates to a solitary Tc^99m decay in particular, and to gamma rays in general. If light is a collapse able wave function, are different wavelength energies the same, ie gamma, x, radio, etc. My...

Homework Statement Consider a metal with an BCC crystal structure and atomic weight 92.91. When monochromatic x-radiation having a wavelength of 0.14 nm is used, the angle of diffraction (2*theta) for the (211) set of planes in this metal occurs at 41.148 ° (first-order reflection)...

I have to solve this exercise and i stuck any help? we have 20 scietists arrive per hour and the x-ray station can process 45 employees per hour. the company spends a total of $65 per hour per employee. X-ray machines cost $50.000 and the wages and fringe benefits of operators amount to $30.000...

How do get the d spacing from XRD data, using braggs law. I am unsure how to actually obtain the value of d. I have attached the file as a text file with the data in. Many thanks for the help.

Hello. first, sorry for my poor English. Derive characteristic wavelength from radiation powerThis is radiated power from bending magnet (synchrotron storage ring accelerating electron to get x-ray) and these are wave distribution from storage ring and what I have to derive is as follows...

I know it is a simple question but I cannot find the answer. Why is the [001] diffraction peak not observed in XRD but [004] peak is observed. Thank you.

I'm looking for a book that might teach me how to read diffraction patterns and infer structure. I'm also interested in the history of the technique. This is mainly so I can explain it with confidence to high school students and college freshmen as a teacher. I feel like I never really went...

Hi, I was conducting an experiment on a material using XRD and I investigated two cases. One case is the presence of outside electric potential, that is, the material being connected to a electric circuit. The other case is the absence of this electric potential. I found that the two XRD...

So the basic understanding I have of electron transitions for EDX, XES and other x-ray fluorescence techniques is that a transition from: L to K shell is named K\alpha M to K shell is K\beta N to K shell is K\gamma M to L shell is K\alpha etc. Grand, easy... google leads me to multiple diagrams...

Hey, In an X-ray tube, you know how there is the target where the electrons collide and stuff... and you know how there is the tungsten part and the the copper bit (the tungsten being the one which electrons collide on)... well my book discusses them separately and i am just a bit confused...

Hey guys, I have a couple of questions regarding X-rays and how they are produced. 1) Is an X-ray an electromagnetic wave or a photon? 2) Why is it that when the electrons collide with the anode in an x-ray tube, X-rays are emitted and not any other electromagnetic wave/photon? 3) When the...

Hey, In x-ray tubes, how come an increase in the voltage results in an increase in the intensity of the electrons. i.e. the no. of electrons emitted per unit time per unit second. Thanks.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hope somebody can help me. I am studing perovskite hydride CaCoH3 using X-ray diffraction. CaCoH3 crystallizes with a cubic in space group Pm-3m. At phase transtion point, all peaks weakened gradually, and...

My question is, when extracting the count rate from a particular peak in the energy dispersive spectrum (e.g. X-ray fluorescence) Is this done by simply drawing a straight horizontal line from the top of the peak to the y-axis and the corresponding intercept will be the count rate? What if the...

Which occurence requires a higher energy? I don't know much about these but for continous, I think the x-ray is able to get close to the nucleus without interacting with the electrons, is then deflected or stopped by the nucleus and the emitted photon can have a range of energies - 0 to Kemax...

Homework Statement Complete this sentence. When doing Bragg scattering of x-rays off of NaCl, the first order K-Alpha peak has an energy that is ___________ the energy of the second order K-Alpha peak. Known Information It is known that the Intensity of the K-Alpha is greater than the K-Beta...

Hi, I'm looking for papers and general or specific information about the topic Astronomy in UV and X-ray Spectrum. Other than Wikipedia and Google sources, I would be interested in understanding the optical spectrum range and its limits, with respect to the materials used in this astronomy...

Excuse the obvious question. I feel like I should have picked this up somewhere along the way, but the more I think about it the more unsure I am. My question is: In a gamma spectrum, what determines the energy of an X-Ray peak. What causes it?

Hi, could someone tell me how the fine edge structure next the the absorbing edge in an XAS arises? from my understanding an XAS is a plot of absorption coefficient against energy of incoming xray. The absorption edge is at an energy corresponding to when the energy is just sufficient to...

Bragg's law n.lambda=2d sin theta. d=1/{h^2/a^2+k^2/b^2+l^2/c^2} for orthorombic structure. thus d=n.lambda/2 sin theta=1/{h^2/a^2+k^2/b^2+l^2/c^2} lambda and theta are given. Look, there are two types/sets of unknowns in the d formula, they are miller indices h, k, l and lattice constant...

I work in an industrial facility and I am trying to come up with a way to measure the strength of X-rays and the danger they pose to the operators of a piece of equipment we have. As of now there is an aluminum enclosure around the part of the machine where the X-rays are emitted, but we are...

Hello all, I have a basic question with the theta-2theta technique in XRD. Here it is: If I have a single crystal material and I perform the above mentioned characterization. Should I get one diffraction peak associated to the orientation of the bulk crystal or should I get many peaks...

Is there any user on this forum who have used the SAXSess? please reply to this post. I need some discussion.

Hi, i am doing a project course in masters. i need help regarding on X-ray Spectrum absorption by semiconductors. I am doing the simulations in XOP(X-ray oriented programs) software which is freeware at http://www.esrf.eu/UsersAndScience/Experiments/TBS/SciSoft/xop2.3 . So, my doubt is...

Part of an experiment involved measuring the intensity of an X-ray beam through a piece of aluminium as a function of emission current of the X-ray source. I originally fitted a linear fit to my data (although it does start to level off at high emission currents). The marker however said that it...

Dear all, Micro-calcification is an indication of breast cancer at its early stage and appears as bright spots in X-ray mammograms. My question is that X-ray attenuates much in calcium than in regular soft tissue in the human breast, e.g. glands, milk duct, adipose, etc., should not...

Hi, In our lab session on x-ray crystallography we found values for d, the plane separation using Bragg's law and from that we are supposed to find the density of the crystals (Lithium Fluoride, Rubidium Chloride and Potassium Chloride). However, when we calculated the densities they were...

Hi i am new here so, please take it easy with me lol i have afew Q and i relly need help with them 1) compare and evaluate the appearance of bone and soft tissue in an MRI scan compared with a conventional X-ray. 2) Explainthe factors influencing the signal intensity in MRI. Thank...