Molecules Definition and 543 Threads

I eventually managed to find that a CO2 molecule can absorb about 8% of infrared energy passing through it that's radiated from Earth but its actually been incredibly hard to find a comparable figure for H2O molecules. Has anyone got a percentage figure for H2O in the form of atmospheric water...

Most molecules are in singlet ground state which is of higher energy than triplet lower energy state .According to thermodynamics molecule tend to remain in lower energy state.Therefore,I presume molecules should remain in triplet state .Could anyone clarify my point

Dear all, "Why do air molecules start to oscillate and influence each other such that a wave is forming when you hit e.g. a drum?" High school students asked me this, thinking the air molecules collide like marbles, creating a longitudinal wave. How would you explain this interaction-wise? Any...

Summary: Is there any calculation for distance between molecules to find out the volume of shapes around us? Molecules give shape to everything around us,so I want to know is there anyway to find out volume of shape(like rock)by the distance between molecules?

Hi, You could skip these details and find the main question at the bottom. I added the details for the sake completeness and context. Thanks. Boltzmann distribution of molecular speeds provides an insight into the different speeds the molecules of a gas are moving around with. It provides you...

Molecules don't really look like this with clearly defined objects and outlines. Remember that in the double slit experiments, we can't even model what happens between measurements, like how the electron behave between emitter and detector. So what is the best model to describe them? How...

Is there any device that can sort the particles of some medium according to the speed at which they move in the medium or something like that? As far as I know, there's a machine that can sort particles by charge through a magnetic field. Is there such a thing for speeds and charged / uncharged...

I am a science hobbyist and working on a paper to illustrate the impact of CO2 on Global Warming. Question – What is the Storage Capacity in joules, of one molecule of CO2 @ 20c/68f/293k. In other words, what is the maximum amount of IR energy that one molecule of CO2 can store at this...

My first most obvious attempt was to use the relation ##<\epsilon> = \frac{3}{5}\epsilon_F## and the formula for kinetic energy, but this doesn't give the right answer and I'm frankly not sure why that's the case. My other idea was to use the Fermi statistic ##f(\epsilon)## which in this case...

I would like to read historical documents where the chemist that succeded in synthetizing a new molecule explains the process he used to obtain his results. Does that exists? Instead of reading about solving the shrodinger equation in a square potential I would like to read how someone actually...

My concern is an electron tube. From what I understood so far, gas molecules will have an average velocity derived from the Maxwell distribution, and that velocity will influence in the electron collision frequency. I can't see clearly though how the electron velocity itself in the presence...

Hello What is the meaning of the average velocity of gas molecules calculated by Boltzmann distribution (in kinetic theory of gases)? Does all molecules have the same average velocity?

Okay guys I have a question that does not make sense to me. My teachers, and even the chem and bio textbooks, have often said that polar molecules bond with each other, and non-polar molecules bond with each other. I do get why polar molecules can form bonds, which is due to the e- arrangement...

Are Cl2, O2 , H2 etc are nutral molecules? As we know their atoms are neutral such as Cl. It has 17 protons and 17 electrons. Because it has the equal number of protons and electrons, it is a natural element. But when two Cl atoms combine through covalent bond by sharing a pair of electrons...

hi guys i recently had built a HV power supply out of an old Flyback transformer i had laying around , i think it produces about 10KV ~ 15KV not very sure but it could arc at about ( 6mm in air ) , and as you can see i tried to connect it to a 15W smal light bulb ( the positive terminal...

Homework Statement A car tire has a volume of 10 L and is inflated to a gauge pressure of 30 psi (207,000 Pa) at 20°C. How many air molecules are there inside the tire?Homework Equations N = PV/ kbT The Attempt at a Solution (207,000 Pa )x (0.01 m3) / (1.38 x 10^-21 x 293) =5.12 x 10^23...

I would like to know how exactly or if the velocity of air molecules affect the light i.e electromagnetic waves passing through it. Ignoring the effect of pressure and/or temperature differences in the air which might also affect the light (due to changes in refractive index).

NASA Curiosity rover hits organic pay dirt on Mars Scientific article: Organic matter preserved in 3-billion-year-old mudstones at Gale crater, Mars

Curiosity has found seasonal occurrences of methane and some organic molecules on Mars. Both or possible indicators of carbon based life processes, but can have other non-biological explanations. Methane has been intermittently found previously on Mars. However, lacking a continuous long term...

If each electron cloud repels other electrons and other atoms, then why can two or more atoms form molecules? Is it to do with negative and positive charges?

Homework Statement An ideal gas with molecules of mass m is contained in a cube with sides of area A. The pressure exerted by the gas on the top of the cube is P, and N molecules hit the top of the cube in a time Δt. What is the average vertical component of the velocity of the gas...

''1 volume of hydrogen + 1 volume of hydrogen + 1 volume of oxygen = 2 volumes of water vapor'' Now my questions are as follows: 1. How many hydrogen molecules in 1 volume of hydrogen? 2. How many oxygen molecules in 1 volume of oxygen? 3. how many water vapor molecules in 2 volumes of water...

As we know, Please point out if I am wrong here one molecule of CO = one mole of CO molecules = 6.223 X 10^23 number of CO molecules If I split one molecule of CO, we get one C and one O. Here are my questions, What to say these ''one C and one O" one mole of C atoms and one mole of O atoms or...

So I have a slab made out of super concrete. I drilled holes for something that will expand and pop the slab. But the product for sale is outside my budget for 50 x as much as I need. Does anyone know a compound that will slowly react to expand forcefully enough to break up the slab?

Homework Statement Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution Honestly speaking , I have absolutely no idea about this problem .This doesn't happen often .In the KTG chapter , only definition and formula of Average , RMS and Most probable speeds is given . This question is for an...

Is separating hydrogen and oxygen molecules possible? If so, how?

When cells within multicellular organisms started differentiating/specializing, was this handled by a new set of chromosomes developing these functionalities, leaving the DNA that is in charge of unicellular functionality more or less consistent and similar? Or did the original chromosome...

Homework Statement After balancing an equation, there are 1.82 moles of O2. Calculate the number of molecules of O2. given moles. Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution in every O2 molecule, there are 2 moles of O. so if the number of moles of O2 molecule is 1.82. then 1.82*2= 3.65...

Homework Statement Derive the flux of molecules i.e. no. of molecules striking a surface per unit area per unit time. Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution [/B] Let's say that there are n molecules per unit volume. The no. of molecules which will touch the surface in the +ve x...

Homework Statement Consider an ##H_2## molecule where the protons are separated by a wide distance R and both are located on the z-axis. Ignoring the spin degrees of freedom and treating the dipole-dipole interaction as a perturbation, use perturbation theory to estimate an upper limit for the...

In reading the posts re:Rustum Roy and electrolysis on salt I wondered if that method would work on other molecules? Not thinking about energy in and out, just how that or other means to separate a molecule's atoms could solve some problems such as pollution? Also, use of the term 'burn'...

Homework Statement Hi! So I stumbled upon this simple "plug n' play" exercise in my Physics textbook. Basically it gives you certain molecules/atoms, and tells you to measure the Electric Charge, and its Mass. Pretty simple, but I hit upon some hickups. Anyway, let's get to it: Find the...

Cheers everyone. Can the amount of water molecules added to a solution impact the formation of a salt with its ions mainly bonded through hydrogen bonds with electrostatic like behaviour? Let me give Some background to the question first: I am studying the precipitation of Phosphorous(P) as...

The molecules that replicate DNA are collectively called "replisome". Is there a similar term for all the molecules that synthesize proteins (both through translation and transcription)? Short of, of course, "protein synthesizers". I can't seem to find the term, any feedback appreciated!

Homework Statement I didn't get it. Consider velocity space. The no. of velocity vectors for a given speed is proportional to the surface area of a sphere of radius v in the velocity space. So, a fraction of velocity vectors with speed v in an elemental area dA is##\frac{ dA}A##. A = ##\Omega...

This was a practice exam Q: ATP is added to the myosin ATPase domain in water labeled with an oxygen isotope. After 50% of the ATP has been hydrolyzed, the remaining ATP is isolated and found to contain 18O. Explain. I get how H2O is used in order to regenerate ATP from the Pi and ADP, but on...

What are the different eigenstates of molecules that are most often used in chemistry?

Hi ! In my class we have an exercise that I technically understand but that I can't get conceptually. We have trois molecules (naphtalene, anthracene, tétracene). Considering each molecule as infinite quantum well of length 2L(naphtalene), 3L(anthracene) and 4L(tetracene), we would like to...

Hey there, With covalent bonds, we have bonding and antibonding states. If we now have, let's say sp or sp2 states, doesn't matter, is there an equivalent bonding or antibonding state related to this sp bond ? I mean, why sp states wouldn't have antibonding states like every normal covalent bond ?

Homework Statement : [/B]The correct relation is: A. x=y B. x>y C. x<y D. None. Please refer to picture attached.Homework Equations : [/B]As stability increases, bond length decreases. When a Π bond is delocalised i.e it takes part in resonance, stability increases.The Attempt at a Solution I...

I wonder if this is a viable question: During transcription processes, which molecule in genes is "first in line", the phosphate group or the ribose sugar? I know they line up interchangeably, but does one of them "start" the process first? I guess I could ask the same thing about proteins...

Hi everybody, My post today is about Molecular Symmetry group (MS) for non-rigid molecules. I read from this excellent work (Longuet-Higgins), that MS is obtained by selecting only feasible operation from Complete Nuclear Permutation Inversion Group (CNPI). My question is, As I have a quite...

Hello everybody, I have read some very interesting book (Molecular symmetry and Spectroscopy - Bunker and Jensen) that talk about how to find the Molecular Symmetry group (MS) of a molecule by using the concept of "feasible" operation from the Complete Nuclear Permutation Inversion (CNPI)...

I understand how angles are calculated in compounds where an atom is bonded to 2, 3, 5, and 6 bonds (bond pair + lone pair). But how do they work out the angle of a compound where an atom has 4 bonds (i.e. methane), in this case the carbon atom, has a H-C-H angle of 109.5°

In kinetic theory, the number of molecules hitting a unit area of a surface per unit time with speeds between v and v + dv and angles between \theta and \theta + d \theta is found to be a function of sin(theta) and cos(theta). There will often be a practice problem asking to show that the...

Homework Statement [/B] I had an inorganic lab this week which involved making VO(acac)2 from VOSO4⋅xH2O. In order to calculate the percentage yield, I need to work out x, that is, the number of water molecules coordinated with the vanadyl sulfate n-hydrate before the reaction. I'm stuck...

Homework Statement Which of the following is closest to the mean distance between air molecules at room temperature and pressure (298 K and 101325 Pa)? Assume air is made of 79% N2 and 21% O2 by moles. A 0.4 nm B 4 nm C 40 nm D 400 nm E 4 μm Homework Equations PV = nRT The Attempt at a...

It seems like a very basic question. I've read about OH molecules in the context of astrophysical masers and perhaps it is already known, but the notation always omits the "-" superscript to denote the molecule as being an ionized one (i.e. an anion). Just to clarify, are OH molecules in masers...