What is Speed: Definition and 1000 Discussions

In everyday use and in kinematics, the speed (commonly referred to as v) of an object is the magnitude of the rate of change of its position with time or the magnitude of the change of its position per unit of time; it is thus a scalar quantity. The average speed of an object in an interval of time is the distance travelled by the object divided by the duration of the interval; the instantaneous speed is the limit of the average speed as the duration of the time interval approaches zero.
Speed has the dimensions of distance divided by time. The SI unit of speed is the metre per second (m/s), but the most common unit of speed in everyday usage is the kilometre per hour (km/h) or, in the US and the UK, miles per hour (mph). For air and marine travel the knot is commonly used.
The fastest possible speed at which energy or information can travel, according to special relativity, is the speed of light in a vacuum c = 299792458 metres per second (approximately 1079000000 km/h or 671000000 mph). Matter cannot quite reach the speed of light, as this would require an infinite amount of energy. In relativity physics, the concept of rapidity replaces the classical idea of speed.

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  1. B

    Speed of pendulum at certain angles

    I'm having no problem finding the maximum speed of a pendulum but I'm not sure when I move its start point and measure point. I would like to know the speed of a pendulum at 30 degrees that has been dropped at 140 Degrees. I'm just giving some numbers to explain that it is above the horizontal...
  2. S

    Have a problem with this Rotational Motion question

    Homework Statement [/B] A wheel, of radius 200mm, rolls over the top of a hill with a speed of 20m/s and negligible friction losses. (I = 1/2mr^2) Homework Equations [/B] Find the speed of the wheel when it is 10m below the top. The Attempt at a Solution [/B] mgh = 1/2mv^2 + 1/2IW^2 W=...
  3. P

    In jousting, how does speed affect the knight's lance?

    Hi, I don't have any background in physics at all (perhaps besides knowing about the relationship between speed, distance and time). Rather I am considering making some video game about jousting, and I'm considering whether a physics based approach would be good for the user experience...
  4. T

    B Einstein's Epiphany of Constant Light Speed

    How did Einstein first contemplate the idea that the speed of light was constant in all frames or reference? Did he say "I wonder what would happen if we considered light speed to be constant" in some kind of thought experiment. Did the concept fall serendipitously from the results of...
  5. Y

    Can the speed of sound in air be faster?

    Sound is vibration of air molecules knocking into each other. Intuitively, it seems the faster a molecule travels before hitting another, the faster the propagation of sound. Can't you hit air molecules harder, so the air molecules will travel faster and spend less time between collisions, and...
  6. NoahCygnus

    Find the speed of the descending block

    Homework Statement So, we have a ring 'A' having mass 'm' that can slide on the horizontal rod. It is attached to a massless string, whose other end is attached to a block of mass 'M = 2m'. 'B' is a massless and frictionless pulley. The problem states that at an instant, the string between...
  7. P

    Calculating Belt Pull, Drum Torque, Motor Power & Speed

    Homework Statement Calculate the Belt pull, drum torque, motor power and speed required to drive a flat top belt given the following information: Belt centres are 4.0m Required speed is 18m/min Drum diameter is 300mm Belt mass is 3.0kg/m Belt is fully loaded with 32kg boxes 0.8m long Belt...
  8. R

    B What limits the speed of a gravitational wave to c?

    The speed of light (in the vacuum) is a function of the permeability and permittivity of the vacuum. In other mediums the phase velocity will be different. It is assumed (by me) that the speed of a gravitational wave does not change depending on the medium i.e. a gravitational wave would not...
  9. E

    I LIGO and light speed constancy

    From LIGO website re how gravity waves are measured: "The arrival times change because when the arms of the interferometer change lengths, so too do the distances the light waves travel before exiting the interferometer. What gravitational waves do not change, however, is the speed of light...
  10. O

    Solve Coilgun Inefficiency & Measure Projectile Speed France

    Hi, I've built a coilgun using a solenoid, but my projectile stops at the half of the road, but this way i can't measure neither the acceleration nor the speed. what could be wrong ? how to push it further ? I also have a question about the efficient methods to measure the speed of the...
  11. Sullivan Stockwell

    Speed of Light in Various Mediums

    This may be a rather ridiculous inquiry, but Google queries haven't helped much. As I understand it, different colors (wavelengths) of light move at the same speed in a vacuum, which together make up what is often called "white light." However, when light enters the Earth's atmosphere, its...
  12. K

    How Does Mass Increase as Electrons Approach Light Speed in a Synchrotron?

    Homework Statement Fast electrons in synchrotron approach the speed of light: I don't get to the "one part in 8,000,000" Homework Equations Momentum: ##~P=mv=\frac{m_0v}{\sqrt{1-v^2/c^2}}## The Attempt at a Solution...
  13. M

    B Speed of light or speed of causality?

    [Moderator's note: this was originally the second part of a post in another thread; it has been moved to this separate thread.] PLEASE BE ADVISED: I'm a complete ignorant with regards to the details of what I'm about to say and I've never looked at the mathematics of the subject, let alone...
  14. Pushoam

    Speed of a wave on a string w.r.t. which reference frame

    Speed of a wave in a string is given by √(τ/μ) . But this speed is with respect to which reference frame? Since, the speed depends on τ and μ( which are independent of reference frame ), I can consider speed of wave independent of reference frame. But this is not so. From experiment, we know...
  15. Scott_10438

    Equation for plasma wave/light speed travel?

    Hi guys I'm finishing up some promo art for my original comic book. You're seein it here first. But its missing something- an appropriate equation. I would like to integrate a math equation into the art. I am attempting to depict FTL travel, using qualities similar to an LWFA, the plasma being...
  16. O

    Speed at Takeoff and Average Acceleration

    Homework Statement Starting from rest an airplane lifts off the ground after 40s and 1.8km. What is its speed at takeoff and its average acceleration during the takeoff run? Homework Equations V= distance/time Acceleration= (Vf-Vi)/time The Attempt at a Solution The airplane travels 1.8km in...
  17. Adam Rabe

    How to calculate wavelength electron given speed

    Homework Statement Homework Equations 1/2 mv^2 E = hf c = f (wavelength) The Attempt at a Solution 0.5 * (9.109 * 10^-31) * (6 * 10^4)^2 = energy energy = hf => f = energy/(6.626*10^-34) = 2.47 * 10^12 wavelength (m) = (speed of light) / frequency wavelength (m) * (1*10^9) = 121235.4 Answer...
  18. Jamison Lahman

    Aperature, Numerical Aperature and Speed of Lenses

    I think I understand the relationship between the three, but I would like some feedback. I still am fairly unsure about lens speed and is what I'm mostly interested in. From my understanding: Aperture is the total diameter of the lens and numerical aperture is the ratio between the aperture and...
  19. Ivan Bevanda E

    B Do gravity and acceleration alter the speed of light?

    I am aware that an observer in free fall in a gravitational well will measure the local speed of light as c, but what about someone outside the well. Imagine this, Me and my friend are near Earth, and he starts freefalling to the surface, while i stay in space. If he then fires a laser beam at...
  20. kkris1

    I One way speed of light experiment proposal

    Just recently I came up with a new idea to measure one way speed of light and/or synchronize distant clocks: Let’s have two light sources at points A and B separated by distance d and sending constantly (perpendicular to AB) signals to clocks at A’ and B’ Let’s have an opaque rod of the length...
  21. Pushoam

    I Measuring Wave Speed: Reference Frame Considerations

    In the wave equation## \frac {\partial^2 \psi} {\partial x^2}=\frac{1}{v^2}\frac{\partial^2 \psi}{\partial t^2}\tag{1}##, v is the speed of the wave propagation. With respect to which reference frame is this speed measured( in general)?
  22. R

    Asteroid close encounter: speed at perigee

    Homework Statement an asteroid heading towards earth, has a speed of 7.25 km/s as it passes the moons orbit, kit misses Earth by 5000km. What is the speed at the closest point to earth? The professor provided us with the solution, which should be 11.0 km/s, however when I do the calculation...
  23. Kaneki123

    A question about the speed of Light in different media....

    Okay...The speed of light is affected by density of the medium in which it propagates...It is more in rarer medium and lesser in denser medium...Hence we can conclude that a medium affects the speed of light...My question is that why this ''affect'' is not ''continuous'', like why the speed of...
  24. R

    B Why does light move at the speed it does

    Why does light move at the speed it does, why not half the speed or double?
  25. A

    Calculating distance from acceleration as function of speed

    I'm trying to calculate the displacement d of a plane as it accelerates towards lift-off velocity. The acceleration is given by the function a = a0 - kv2 where a0 is the constant acceleration from the plane's engine and the term -kv2 is caused by air resistance. I can't seem to find a way to...
  26. S

    Distance of projectile - only speed given

    Homework Statement Andy Roberts the former West Indian Cricket player and Fast Bowler, bowled his fastest delivery in 1975 at 159.5 km/h. Neglecting air resistance, calculate the maximum distance he could have thrown the ball at this speed (on earth!) had he been able to throw it: i)...
  27. parshyaa

    I Why does relativity not affect the speed of light?

    Why speed of light is independent of frame of reference,why is it constant everywhere, speed of an object is different from different FOR then why this is not follwed by light, In deep space there is nothing to measure the speed of light relatively, then how it got its speed(299 792 458 m/s)...
  28. Nick Goodson

    DC Motor Speed Increases Under Load - Modeling w/ Simulink

    Hi, I am modelling a DC motor using Simulink. Under no-load conditions, I get a max speed of 180 rads/s, but under load, the speed goes up to 290 rad/s, although takes longer to reach max speed, acceleration decreases. I have a mechanical background so don't know much about motors, but would...
  29. K

    How to calculate sound speed in atmosphere?

    Hello. Just wondering how to calculate the sound speed in the atmosphere if I have temperature and pressure from the surface and all the way up to thermosphere?
  30. Sullivan Stockwell

    B Speed of Light & Space: Exceeding the "Universal Speed Limit

    It's generally understood that nothing can be accelerated up to the speed of light, and that nothing can surpass it. That being said, the expansion of space itself can exceed this "universal speed limit," as the Universe is expanding so fast that light can't catch up to it. Regarding the...
  31. S

    I Object Moving Faster Than Light?

    I had read in the Time-Life Science Library book "Man And Space" about the possibility of a very, very ambitious mission in which an astronaut would go to a galaxy 200 million light-years away, with the spacecraft simply being accelerated at 1 g during the whole time (in the direction of the...
  32. Mike Dacre

    Speed and pressure relative to a piston (fluids)

    I am studying for the MCAT and I got an interesting question from a Kaplan book: 15. A water tower operator is interested in increasing the pressure of a column of water that is applied to a piston. She hopes that increasing the pressure will increase the force being applied to the piston. The...
  33. baldbrain

    Speed of Sound using a Resonant tube

    Homework Statement In the experiment for the determination of the speed of sound using a resonance tube, the diameter of the column tube is 4 cm. The frequency of the tuning fork is 512 Hz. The air temperature is 38° C in which the speed of sound is 336 m/s. The zero of the meter scale...
  34. D

    Shockwave of mushroom cloud rising at supersonic speed

    I'm modelling the Hiroshima nuclear explosion on a real time real scale physics simulator. My initial simulations based on data accumulated from wikipedia such as temperature of the fireball the radius of it and using air pressure and air density data based on the detonation height of 600m has...
  35. G

    Dynamics exam prep -- forces explanation in FBD please

    I am doing a review for a Dynamics exam, but I am having trouble with this one question (below). Please note the top of the picture contains the answers. What I have done is make a free body diagram that includes the tension of the cable and the weight of the rider/swing. So according to my...
  36. R

    Time required for disk to reach angular speed?

    Homework Statement A uniform disk of mass M = 3 kg and radius r = .22 meters is mounted on a motor through its center. The motor accelerates the disk uniformly from rest by exerting a constant torque of 1 n * m What is the time required for the disk to reach an angular speed of 800 rpm...
  37. nothing909

    Calculating energy savings using a variable speed drive

    Homework Statement I have a task right now that requires me to calculate the energy savings that would be made by using a variable speed drive. Question: The factory process water distribution system consists of a 150mm cast iron ring main at a pressure of 5 bar (50m). The local water is...
  38. Superman123

    How high will UT bounce on a bungee jump from the Golden Gate Bridge?

    1. Ut will bungee jump from the golden gate bridge. The height that she will jump from is 65 meters. The rope pulls her up 8 meters above the water. If UT's weight is 63 kg, how far will the rubber rope pull her upwards, if there's no loss to friction or air resistance? Homework Equations...
  39. R

    I In gravitational assistance, does the mass matter?

    The spacecraft "Helios 2" (with 100 kg of mass) used the Sun to get a speed of 250.000 km/h using gravitational assistance, I want to know if the mass of the spacecraft influences the result of the speed. I mean, if the spacecraft mass 10.000 tons, the speed would be less of more?
  40. S

    What is the speed of air flow in a pipe driven by compressed air for 12 minutes?

    Homework Statement A tank with a 25.5 litre capacity contains air compressed into 355 atmospheres used to drive a torpedo by expansion into an engine via a pipe of diameter 0.08cm. A mechanism ensures that the gas flows to the engine at a constant rate and any cooling of the air during...
  41. Deadawake

    Calculate Change in Speed Using Unit Vectors: Easy Physics Solution

    Actually that's very easy question but I have some difficult to understand the logic behind . So-"The initial velocity of an object (m/s) is Vi=1i+5j+2k. And the final velocity is Vf=3i+5j+7k. What was the change in speed of the object?"X Solution - |Vf|-|Vi| = √(32+52+72)-√(12+52+22) = 3.63...
  42. lightofthemoon

    What is the Speed of Sound in this Lab Setup?

    Homework Statement In this part of the lab you tracked a single peak as you moved a microphone in order to get a good value of the speed of sound. This question will lead you through a similar process with just two measurements. (The lab set up: speaker emitting the signal faced one microphone...
  43. M

    Body Velocity and Position on X-Axis at a Given Moment

    Homework Statement A body moves in a straight line along the x-axis. Its expansion as a function of time is: Given that at the moment t = 0 its speed was v0 in the positive direction of the x axis, and its position was at x0. 1. the body velocity in meters per second has a given moment t0...
  44. gelfand

    Gravitational forces, speeds and masses

    Homework Statement A comet moves around a stat in ##xy## plane along elliptical orbit, described by $$ 0.16 x^2 + y^2 = 4 $$ where ##x, y## are in ##AU## 1) Sketch the comet in the ##x,y## coordinate system denoting all orbit parameters 2) Find the semi major and minor axes of the orbit...
  45. gelfand

    Drag force with differential equations, finding max speed

    Homework Statement A submarine engine provides maximum constant force ##F## to propel it through the water. Assume that the magnitude of the resistive drag force of the water experienced by the submarine is ##kv##, where ##k## is the drag coefficient and ##v## is the instantaneous speed of...
  46. B

    Dynamic/Static pressure -- High speed railways

    I am currently doing a research project in the attenuation of pressure waves. With an focus on dealing with sonic booms the are generated from high speed train tunnels. my experiments involved pressurizing a cylinder then using a rapid release valve allowing the air to escape along a pipe. I...
  47. I

    Speed of an object relative to another

    Homework Statement In a colliding beam apparatus, two beams of protons are aimed at each other. The first proton moves with a speed of 0.82c to the right; the second moves with a speed of 0.86c to the left. Both speeds are measured relative to the laboratory frame of reference. What is the...
  48. davidge

    Solving Boat's Friction Force and Speed

    Homework Statement A boat of mass 1000 kg is moving at 25 m/s. The friction force ##f## is proportional to the speed ##v## of the boat, ##f = 70v##. How many time will take for the boat to reduce its speed to 12.5 m/s? Homework Equations ##\vec{F_r} = m \vec{a_r}## The Attempt at a Solution...
  49. I

    Calculating Speed of Protons in a Linear Accelerator: 530 MeV Kinetic Energy

    Homework Statement In a proton linear accelerator, protons are accelerated to have a kinetic energy of 530 MeV. What is the speed of these protons? (The rest mass of a proton is 1.67 × 10-27 kg.) Homework Equations E0=m0c^2 E=E0/√1-(v^2)/(c^2) E = KE + E0 The Attempt at a Solution Recognize...
  50. S

    I Speed of Light Logic: Flaw Explained

    Hello! My question is: If you travel in a material at the same speed as the speed of light (I assumed this is possible due to the existence of Cherenkov radiation) you will see the light basically stationary so you see a constant electric field which means no magnetic field. But light has both...
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