What is Circuits: Definition and 1000 Discussions

Formula One, abbreviated to F1, is currently the highest class of open-wheeled auto racing defined by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), motorsport's world governing body. The "formula" in the name refers to a set of rules to which all participants and vehicles must conform. The F1 World Championship season consists of a series of races, known as Grands Prix, usually held on purpose-built circuits, and in a few cases on closed city streets. The results of each race are combined to determine two annual championships, one for drivers (World Drivers' Championship), and one for constructors (World Constructors' Championship).This list is for the circuits that hosted World Championship races from 1950 until now. The terms "Formula One race" and "World Championship race" were not always synonymous throughout history – see Formula One#Distinction between Formula One and World Championship races for a detailed explanation.

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  1. A

    Mosfet, Mesfet vs Bipolar transistors in RF circuits

    I was wondering in general what types of semiconductors are used in most solid state RF power amplifiers like the ones at cell base stations and elsewhere. Do they use mosfets etc which can only switch a square waveform or are bipolar ones also used that can output sinusoidal outputs that can be...
  2. P

    Engineering Calculating the unknown voltages in ideal op-amp circuits

    Hi - I have made an attempt at both of these circuits, but I am not 100% sure I am correct. Would it be possible to check if I have this right, and if not, please give me some pointers as to where I have gone wrong? Thanks First op-amp Given data: Vo = 5V I have called the voltage feeding into...
  3. Ozen

    Help With Shrinking a Circuit/Making it Fit Into a Tight Space

    Attached is the schematic for the circuit. It uses a TPS61042DRBT LED driver along with a PSoC 4000 8pin microcontroller to drive a 10mA LED with push button controls for brightness. The problem is some components, like the inductor and sense resistor is way too large (over 6mm long!). This is...
  4. E

    Why is the current the same in series circuits?

    If the current goes through the first end of the resistor will it be less than on the other end of resistor?
  5. B

    Finding the potential difference of a diode

    I've tried doing it but i haven't been able to find the resistance of the diode.
  6. Nicolas01

    How to solve current circuit problems without enough information?

    https://www.physicsforums.com/attachments/267955 I think i should apply kirchkoff rules so I can find i1,i2,i3 R1,R' but I don't have enough information and I don't know how to have those informations .What is your ideas?
  7. johnboyman

    Trouble working with LC circuits

    Hello. I am experimenting with LC Circuits. So far I know that 1/2*Pi *Sqrt(LC) will give you the frequency of the lc cricuit. So when i decide which components to use I can start with that. I was wondering though in a circuit with a 60 hertz supply. What is the minimum and maximum frequencies...
  8. Frigus

    What is the logic behind the mirror symmetry method of solving circuits?

    I recently encountered mirror symmetry method of solving circuits and by it solving circuits became very easy but problem I am facing with it is that I can't figure out logic behind it. For example if we try to simplify this circuit Then we say that if ##I## current flows from Point A to C then...
  9. E

    Impedances for RLC circuits in the limit of zero frequency

    If a voltage source is sinusoidal, then we can introduce a phasor map and come up with equations like$$V_0 e^{i \omega t} = I(R + i\omega L + \frac{1}{\omega C} i)$$where ##I## would also differ from ##V## by a complex phase. But if you set ##\omega = 0##, which would appear to correspond to...
  10. A

    Are electric circuits considered as electrostatics or electrodynamics?

    Thanks in advance!
  11. C

    Circuits and the percent change of current when the switch is closed

    For an ideal battery (r = 0 Ω), closing the switch in (Figure 1)does not affect the brightness of bulb A. In practice, bulb A dims just a little when the switch closes. To see why, assume that the 1.50 V battery has an internal resistance r = 0.30 Ω and that the resistance of a glowing bulb is R...
  12. F

    Current is not continuous in RC circuits?

    Now that currents don't flow past the interior of capacitors at any time (charging/discharging etc), currents should be functions of a spatial coordinate, i(x), in that i(x) is non zero in wires and 0 in capacitors. But in circuits usually currents are assumed constant in the same branch. What...
  13. HansBu

    Solving Diff. Eqn & Designing Circuits: An Understanding

    where: 𝑣𝑖𝑛(𝑡)=0.3𝑐𝑜𝑠100𝑡 I have read all over the internet that this differential equation can be solved by isolating the term with the highest degree on one side of the equation. After doing so, I integrated it. However after integrating, I don't know that the next step is. Can anyone help me...
  14. G

    Understanding Capacitor Equations and Time Constants

    Well i don't you to solve the question for me but I want you to clarify the concepts pertaining to this question. My question is how do I write a equation for the circuit since the there is same charge on one of the capacitors. While writing the equation should i put the voltage across the...
  15. A

    Exploring LRC AC Series Circuits

    Hi all, In an LRC AC series circuit, at which frequencies are where you are mainly dumping your generator/current energy into capacitor to create electric fields or into the inductor to create magnetic fields? So, for example, at low frequencies, f --> 0, the impedance of the inductor goes to 0...
  16. N

    A (very simple) question about terminology in electrical circuits

    I am writing tutorials for my students on electrical circuits and I realized that in English I may have been using incorrect terminology (I also teach in French). When I describe circuits, I like to have a term for a section of a circuit that goes from one node to another node and with no...
  17. G

    A confusing question on capacitors and voltages across them

    In my opinion, the voltage across the C1 should be 9V as the potential on the side of the positive plate of the capacitor should be (15-6)V and on the other be 0V. Similarly the potential across C2 should be (7-0)V. Here I'm basically assuming that the voltage at the negative terminals of the...
  18. L

    Solving series-parallel circuits

    Summary:: Solving series-parallel circuits using current and voltage divider rule For the attached circuit, I need to determine the voltage drop across R4 using the voltage divider rule. So far, I have determined total resistance to be R = 383Ω, total current I = 0.03A, and I3 = 0.023A. I...
  19. Bilbo B

    Inductors in alternating circuits

    Placing an inductor in the first place in an ac circuit will start opposing the current but after a long time it behaves as it were never there and current flows constantly, problem is what happens to energy while opposing? Does it gets stored in the inductor? After when you open the circuit...
  20. G

    Finding the potential across capacitors in capacitor-only circuits

    I tried to attempt it by applying KVL to both the loops. I tried to find a possible charge distribution for the capacitors. I guess this is right. On solving I get: from what I know potential difference between M and N is Q1/C2 but the solution is given as: Where am I wrong?
  21. W

    Closed vs Open Electrical Circuits

    Really coming at this from a radio perspective, where texts refer to closed and open circuits as jargon; never defining. A transmitter sending waves to feed line lacking an antenna = open circuit. Check. A wire of little resistance errantly falling across circuit lines = short or closed...
  22. AlphaLibrae

    Find the Thevenin's Equivalent for the following circuits

    I have actually already written out and solved for my own solutions to these problems, but I was wondering if I could get a second opinion on my solutions: For Problem 3: For Problem 4:
  23. A

    Engineering Problem with the Thevenin equivalent resistance

    Good day I have a problem to find the equivalent resistance from the capacitor point of view the solution says it's R1 but for me we still have R2 and R3 we have not deal with ! many thanks in advance
  24. Z

    Integrated circuits made with GaN HEMTs

    Why do people not make integrated circuits using GaN? Since HEMTs have so much higher mobility, why have they not been leveraged for integrated circuits?
  25. J

    Circuit Analysis of a diagram with series and parallel circuits

    I found the Req which is 13.6 and also found the It which is 0.74. I'm having trouble finding the separate current and potential difference numbers.
  26. K

    Other Upper division undergraduate electronics and circuits textbooks

    Hello everyone, I am in an upper division undergraduate electronics and circuits class right now and the textbook that were using (Eggleston: basic electronics for scientists and engineers) is not resonating with me. I was wondering if anyone had recommendations for a textbook that explains...
  27. garthenar

    Current Through LR Circuits

    is the equation I found in the book for the current through an LR-circuit. The problem is I can't find anything in the text I have that deals with resistors in series vs parallel, if a coil acts as a short, etc. So can I ask you... 1) is this equation valid for both resistors in parallel and...
  28. M

    Differences in the Brightness of bulbs for 2 separate circuits

    I came across 2 similar example problems while studying for my exam and I want to make sure I get the differences between the two before I take my test later this evening. (This might be long but I have an exam coming up and I don't want to go into it with any uncertainties. I appreciate anyone...
  29. gregorspv

    Removing connections between equipotential points in solving circuits?

    A sketch of the setup and the equivalent circuit are attached. I believe the correct way to solve this is to redraw the circuit as shown in Fig. 3 and then remove the connections between evidently equipotential points, which reduces the problem to a familiar setup of in parallel and in series...
  30. Muskyboi

    Engineering [Electrical engineering] Second order Parallel RLC Circuits.

  31. R

    Engineering Norton/Thevenin Equivalent circuits with a dependent voltage source

    so when I did this problem I did nodal analysis to find the voltage across the 40k resistor, and found it to be 16V. From there I did two source transformations, combined the sources and did some equivalent resistance to get the answer as seen below: However this differed from the answer he...
  32. J

    Engineering Calculating the gap of a parallel plate capacitor

    I've been given this question for my TMA2, I've tried looking at the learning material but it gives no information on how to calculate the gap? Does anyone have a formula for this? Or can someone point me in the right direction? Thanks
  33. A

    Rectified Current Through an Inductor

    Hello, I need to find the magnetomotive force (mmf) of an inductor using NI (turns multiplied by amperes). The set up is pretty simple, AC power supply set at 24 VAC goes through a full wave rectifier (4 diodes) and into an inductor. If the inductor has a resistance of 47 Ohms, it looks like...
  34. G

    Why Does Adding a Coil Decrease Current in a Circuit?

    Hello, so today I in my electrical machines class the teacher said that if we add a coil on a cicuit the total current will be less compared with a circuit with no coil included. Also if we replace a coil with (for example) 100 spirals with another with 300 spirals, the total current going...
  35. F

    Trying to reconcile contradictory statements about parallel circuits

    Preface to thread: The "closed switch" in this ladder diagram is a normally closed contactor. Sometimes when I post photographs of ladder diagrams with this symbol on them, people sometimes mistakenly assume that the switch is a variable capacitor. That's why I am letting everyone know that...
  36. Oannes

    Finding the Current Through a Resistor (Working With Parallel and Series)

    Here is the actual question. And here is my attempt at a solution In Summary I did the following Found the Equivalence Resistance to Be 5.9 ohms and the Current throughout the entire resistor to be 1.53 Amperes Worked backwards from my resistor simplifications. When the resistors were in...
  37. paulmdrdo

    Series RLC and Parallel RLC circuits

    Summary: Series RLC and Parallel RLC circuits How can the voltage across a capacitor or inductor in a series RLC circuit be greater than the applied AC source voltage? The formula suggest that either can be larger than the source voltage but I still find it counter intuitive. Also for...
  38. C

    Solve LC and LRC Circuits Kirchhoff's Rule Problem

    Problem Statement: A 300-V dc power sup- ply is used to charge a 25-μF capacitor. After the capacitor is fully charged, it is disconnected from the power supply and connected across a 10-mH inductor (at t = 0). (a) Assume that the resistance in the circuit is negligible. Apply Kirchhoff’s loop...
  39. Haorong Wu

    I Is there a procedure for designing some quantum circuits?

    In Nielsen's book, the chapter of quantum circuits does not describe explicitly any procedures to design a circuit. For example, given the matrix of Fredkin gate, ##\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1...
  40. Salman Ali

    Question about a Flip Flop circuit

    Hello! I am confused in a question I found on youtube. I have uploaded the screen shots. He told that with respect to S and R we have to write the change from Q to Q+( next state). But I am not getting it. How he wrote Q+ states?Is he considering that when S=1 , we have to set the circuit i.e on...
  41. DaynaClarke

    Resistors in Parallel or Series?

    Given that they're all on the same branch, I had assumed that they were in series with one another. But with the middle resistor having being on the middle of three branches, it looks parallel. Like I said, I have a feeling it's in series (making the answer 3R). This question is from a past...
  42. Salman Ali

    Drawing 4-2 Priority Encoder Circuits

    Hello guys! I am getting confused in drawing the circuit for a priority encoder. Because I saw some youtube videos and also on google , they all are drawing 4 to 2 priority encoder differently.These both are 4 to 2 priority encoders.
  43. D

    Total equivalent resistance of a combined circuit

    I attempted to solve the problem by following the positive terminal of the battery and I realized that Resistor R1 has a different path than R2+R3+R4. I came to the conclusion that R1 is in parallel with R2+R3+R4. The series connection with R2,R3,R4 would be 30 ohm total by adding the three...
  44. C

    Engineering Advanced Circuits, Laplace Transform, Find Initial Conditions

    Vo(S) = [ N(s)Vi(s) + (- s2 + s - 2) ] / s3 + s2 + 1 ; can ignore (-s^2 + s - 2). From relevant equations: Vo(S) = [N(s)*Vi(s)]/(s^3 + s^2 + 1); -> (d3Vo(t)/dt3) + (d2Vo(t)/dt2) + Vo(t) = N(t)(dvi)/dt L[vi(t)] = t to s domain: [s3Vo(s) - s2Vo(0-) - SV'o(0-) - Vo''(0-)]Vo(s) + s2 - SVo -...
  45. paulmdrdo

    Engineering What is the meaning of the rate of change of voltage in an RLC circuit at t=0+?

    Homework Statement Homework Equations V(t) = V(∞)+( V(0+) - V(∞) )e^-t/τ 3. The Attempt at a Solution Hello again! I've already solved the problem depicted in the picture above and below are the following unknowns that I managed to solved: These results checked out with the answers...
  46. P

    Finding the current and voltage for each resistor

    Homework Statement Moderators note: link removed. All images should be uploaded to PhysicsForums. Homework Equations V=IR Series in parallel Series in current The Attempt at a Solution I managed to get the current and voltage of R1 and R2. I've been trying to get the next one R3, but haven't...
  47. D

    How do I tell if the Wien bridge oscillator I built works

    I built a wien bridge oscillator. But how do I tell if it works? I am very new to building circuits. I recently Starting making circuits on a breadboard. I have not taken any Electronics class. I am trying to learn how to do this.
  48. P

    Solve Black Box Circuits w/ Switch & w/o Switch

    Hi I'm experimenting with some black boxes and I'm trying to figure out what's their circuit. I can't seem to find what these two circuits could be.. Could someone please help me out? The purple crosses mark which ports are connected to the power source (6V). The yellow marks show how hard...
  49. hagopbul

    Asking about the Vcc of some integrated circuits

    Hello: I have to ask some question , did anyone know any integrated circuits that have voltage Vcc of few kilo volts what was the catagoeries of that circuits ? And do they different from high current integrated circuits ? Where to read about it ? Best hope
  50. iVenky

    Pattern Shielding for inductors in Integrated Circuits

    I have a bunch of questions on pattern shield for inductors in Integrated Circuits (ICs). Basically, shields are made using thick metals (less resistance) to reduce the coupling to the substrate (which are more lossy generally) in order to improve the Q factor. They are patterned to avoid eddy...
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