Electronics

gate system

Remote Operated Gate Control System

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Introduction This project began life in 2017 when the author had just begun experimentation with GPIO pins on a Raspberry Pi 3. At that point in time…
digital audio guide

Sinc Function & Upsampling in Digital Audio Explained

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Introduction This elaborates some of the claims in my insights article on digital audio. The Sinc Function Upsampling and Zero Insertion The first link…
digital audio intro

Modern DACs, Dither, DXD & High-Res Audio Explained

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Introduction First, we need some background in Digital Signals. This can be mathematically quite advanced, but since I would like this article to be accessible…
Milli-Ohm

The Poor Man’s Milli-Ohm Meter

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Introduction In a previous article on measuring battery internal resistance, a simple technique for low-resistance measurement was outlined. In this article,…
ATmega8A

Program ATmega8A with Arduino: Step-by-Step Guide

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Introduction If you are interested in programming and electronics, you probably do not need an introduction to Arduino. If you want to make your Arduino…
Renewable Energy Power Grid

When Renewable Energy Meets Power Grid Operations

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Introduction The electric power industry faces much turmoil in the coming decades.  The business model of the electric utility company (public or private)…
circuitanalysis

The What and Why of Circuit Analysis Assumptions

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Probably everyone reading this article already has education on elementary circuit analysis (CA) and many of us are much more advanced. Typically, the…
acpoweranalysisp1

Intro to AC Power Analysis: Learn System Basics

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 Instantaneous PowerThe formula for power is: ##P=V\cdot I## , power= voltage*current.   We call that, instantaneous power.   Even…
tcp_ip

TCP/IP Protocols for Plug-and-Play Industrial Automation

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Background: Ethernet vs Fieldbus in the 1990s The 1990s saw the widespread adoption of network technology on two fronts: Office automation and factory…
Ethernettime

Network Time Synchronization Guide: NTP vs IEEE 1588

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Overview of Synchronization Needs Now and then you come across measurement problems that are tightly associated with the notion of synchronicity, meaning…
modulation

Mixing vs Beating: Superheterodyne & Beat Frequency

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Mixing vs. Beating: a brief history A long time ago I read a paper in the IEEE Proceedings recounting the history of the superheterodyne receiver. Overall…
amplifier

Digital Modeling Amps Explained: DSP Tone Simulation Guide

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Digital modeling gear uses digital signal processing (DSP) to approximate the tone and dynamic response of analog amplifiers and effects. Examples include…