# General Relativity Articles

### Precession in Special and General Relativity

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The Absolute Derivative In relativity we typically deal with two types of quantities: fields, which are defined everywhere, and particle properties, which…

### Fermi-Walker Transport in Kerr Spacetime

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In the last two posts in this series, we developed some tools for looking at Fermi-Walker transport in Minkowski spacetime and then applied them in Schwarzschild…

### Fermi-Walker Transport in Schwarzschild Spacetime

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In the first post in this series, we introduced the concepts of frame field, Fermi-Walker transport, and the "Fermi derivative" of a frame field, and developed…

### Fermi-Walker Transport in Minkowski Spacetime

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This is the first of several posts that will develop some mathematical machinery for studying Fermi-Walker transport. In this first post, we focus on Minkowski…

### How to Better Define Information in Physics

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When I ask questions about conservation of information I frequently get the reply, “It depends on what you mean by information.”   So, I researched…

### Solving Einstein's Field Equations in Maxima

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A few months ago, pervect pointed me to a post by Chris Hillman which is an introduction to the usage of Maxima for General Relativity. Maxima is a free…

### The Schwarzschild Geometry: Physically Reasonable?

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In the last article, we looked at various counterintuitive features of the Schwarzschild spacetime geometry, as illustrated in the Kruskal-Szekeres…

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### The Schwarzschild Geometry: Key Properties

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Not long after Einstein published his Field Equation, the first exact solution was found by Karl Schwarzschild. This solution is one of the…

### General Relativity as a Gauge Theory

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The fundamental interactions of the Standard Model are described by Yang-Mills theory. This is a gauge theory, which means the following: (1) Choose a…

### The Revival of Newton-Cartan Theory

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It's a calculation which you can find in any textbook on General Relativity (GR): when gravity is weak and does not vary with time, and when particles…

### A Brief on the Expansion of the Universe

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The "ordinary Big Bang and expansion" (no inflation, no dark energy) Einstein's General Relativity allows a solution (FLRW metric) where an empty Universe…

### Radius of the Observable Universe in Light-years Is Greater than Its Age

The radius of the observable universe is about 46 billion light years, which is considerably greater than its age of about 14 billion years. The radius…

### Can We Tell Whether the Universe Is Rotating?

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If you believe wholeheartedly in Mach's principle, then there is no way to test empirically for rotation of the universe as a whole, since there is nothing…