Limits of integration Definition and 81 Threads

In my opinion , if it can be shown that this is a monotonically bounded sequence, one can confirm that there is a limit. First，we know $$ \frac{1-x^{4n}}{1+x^{2}}dx=(1-x^{2}) (1+x^{2}) ^{n-1}=(1-x^{4}) ^{n-1}(1+x^{2}).$$ According to the integral median theorem，we can get $$a_n=(2- \sqrt{3} )...

For this problem, The solution is, However, why have they not included limits of integration? I think this is because all the small charge elements dq across the ring add up to Q. However, how would you solve this problem with limits of integration? Many thanks!

Hello, I have to compute a double integral of the form ## \int_{0}^{\infty} \int_{0}^{\infty} f(u,v) du dv##, where ##f(u,v)## is not relevant. The following change of variable is advised as a hint: ## u = zt ## and ## v = z(1-t)##. From there, I can reformulate with respect to ##z## and...

Initially '0' is the upper limit and ##a = \frac{Ze^2}{E}## is the lower limit. With change of variable ##x = \frac{Er}{Ze^2}##, for ##r=0##, ##x=0##, and for ##r=\frac{Ze^2}{E}##, ##x=1##, so 1 should be the lower limit. However, he takes 1 as the upper limit, and without a minus sign. Why is...

From the equations, I can find Jacobians: $$J = \frac {1}{4(x^2 + y^2)} $$ But, I confuse with the limit of integration. How can I change it to u,v variables? Thanks...

I want to compute: $$\oint_{c} F \cdot dr$$ I have done the following: $$\iint_{R} (\nabla \times v) \cdot n \frac{dxdy}{|n \cdot k|} = \iint (9z-1) dxdy$$ I don't know what limits the surface integral will have. Actually, I am not sure what's the surface. May you shed some light...

Homework Statement Please see attached image for the full scope of the problem, and to see the work drawn out by the text. My question lies with line 3 as it is clear that u-substitution was used on a definite integral, but the limits of integration were not changed. Homework EquationsThe...

I have the integral ##\displaystyle \int_0^{2 \pi} \frac{1-\cos x}{3+\cos x} ~ dx##. I want to make the tangent half-angle substitution ##t = \tan (x/2)## so that I can get a rational function. However, both limits of integration just become zero. This is the first case. In the second case, I...

Homework Statement Please look at the photo! Homework Equations -x^2+4x=x^2-6x+5 The Attempt at a Solution I got 2x^2-10x+5 but it says it's wrong

General question, how do you determine the limits of integration of a polar curve? Always found this somewhat confusing and can't seem to find a decent explanation on the internet.

Homework Statement Suppose you have a Triangle with the vertices, (0,0) (1,1) and (0,1). Integrating along that path. I have some differential function dZ where Z = Z(x,y) Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution [/B] If I need to integrate, then I need to find the limits of...

Homework Statement How to integrate this? ##\int_{0}^{A} x e^{-a x^2}~ I_0(x) dx## where ##I_0## is modified Bessel function of first kind? I'm trying per partes and looking trough tables of integrals for 2 days now, and I would really really appreciate some help. This is a part of a...

For part of a proof of a differential equations equivalence, we needed to use that $$\int_0^t [\int_0^s g(\tau,\phi(\tau))\space d\tau]\space ds = \int_0^t [\int_\tau^t ds]\space g(\tau,\phi(\tau))\space d\tau$$ I understand that the order is being changed to integrate with respect to s first...

Homework Statement Find the volume of the solid bounded by z=x^2+y^2 and z=8-x^2-y^2 Homework Equations use double integral dydx the textbook divided the volume into 4 parts, The Attempt at a Solution [/B] f(x)= 8-x^2-y^2-(x^2+y^2)= 4-x^2-y^2 i use wolfram and got 8 pi, the correct...

In the example in the picture, we can see that they chose the limits of integration to be from 0 to R_0. Why didn't they choose x (that is, from 0 to x)? Isn't that what we normally integrate over when we find potential energy and electric fields? Thank you

Homework Statement Consider the following geodesic of a massless particle where ##\alpha## is a constant: \dot r = \frac{\alpha}{a(t)^2} c^2 \dot t^2 = \frac{\alpha^2}{a^2(t)} Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution Part (a) c \frac{dt}{d\lambda} = \frac{\alpha}{a} a dt =...

Homework Statement I am trying to work the moment of inertia for a) rotating rod, axis through the centre of the rod http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/mi2.html#irod3 b) Solid cylinder http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/icyl.html#icyl2 [/B] Homework Equations I = R^2 dM The...

Homework Statement sketch the solid region contained within the sphere, x^2+y^2+z^2=16, and outside the cone, z=4-(x^2+y^2)^0.5. b) clearly identifying the limits of integration, (using spherical coordinates) set up the iterated triple integral which would give the volume bounded by the...

In the integral integral(1,infinity) e^(-sqrt(x)) / sqrt(x) STEP 1: I let u = -sqrt(x) du = -1/(2sqrt(x)) then my lower bound u = -1 then my upper bound u = -infinity -2 integral(-1,infinity) e^u du I would then switch the order of the integration bounds and multiply by -1My question is...

Hello Can someone please tell me how is: \int_{-R}^{R} \frac{\cos mx}{x^2 + 1}\,dx = 2\int_{0}^R \frac{\cos mx}{x^2 + 1}\,dx where, m and R are positive real numbers This is how I'm trying to solve it... \int_{-R}^R \frac{\cos mx}{x^2 + 1}\,dx = \int_{-R}^0 \frac{\cos mx}{x^2 + 1}\,dx...

Hi, I'm doing this integration: I = ∫^{1}_{-1}1/(\pi√1-x2)dx I made the substitution x = cosθ, and I'm fine with performing the integral apart from changing the limits - for x = 1 I put θ = 0, but for x = -1, how do I know whether to choose θ = \pi or θ = -\pi? The first choice gives I...

Homework Statement Let f be the function defined by $$ f(x) = - ln(x) for 0 < x ≤ 1. $$ R is the region between the graph of f and the x-axis. http://learn.flvs.net/webdav/educator_apcalcbc_v10/module08/imgmod08/08_10_01.gif b. Determine whether the solid generated by revolving region R...

Knowing that the limits of integration of a any function, for example: \int_{-\infty}^{+\infty}\delta (x)dx=1 I know that's correct call your primitive through the limit superior as a variable, so H(x)=\int_{-\infty}^{x}\delta (x)dx But, and if I want to describe your primitive through the...

so in the image in the link below, i don't understand a couple of things: 1.) the center of the cylinder is off to the side and not at the center. where/how in the problem are we taking this into account? because it should definitely affect the volume under the parabaloid right? 2.) most of...

Homework Statement http://i.minus.com/jJQzZXoxXFqEB.png Homework Equations (b-a)/n = Δx The Attempt at a Solution I know how to express the sum as an integral .. almost. It is the integral of cos(2+x) with respect to x. However, what are my bounds of integration? I know that b-a must...

i'm trying to integrate some some function bounded by the x-y domain of x2+y2=6y which is a circle on the x-y plane shifted upward where the outer part of the circle is 6. i'm trying to integrate a double integral.. ∫∫f(x)rdrdθ i don't know how to express my limits of integration for r...

Homework Statement Integrate (1 + x2)1/2 from -∏ to ∏ Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution I substiuted x = tan(theta) but when I went to change the limits of integration I got 0 and 0. What am I doing wrong?

i have one expression, and then i will expand that expression into another expression like so... y=f(x) ------> f(x)= x+5u , u= another variable now i will integrate both sides.. like so... ∫f(x)dx=∫(x+5u)du now, one fundamental rule in algebra is that, whatever is done to one...

Pretty general question. Integrate f(x,y,z) dxdydz over the area defined by: x^{2} + y^{2} + z^{2} \leq 4 x \leq 0 y \leq 0 z \leq 0 It is immidiately apparent that it is 1/8 of a sphere with r=2. So from that geometrical intuition we can do a variable substitution to spherical...

Homework Statement Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution Are my limits of integration right?

Homework Statement X is uniformly distributed over [-1,1]. Compute the density function f(y) of Y = 2X2 + 1. Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution FY(Y) = P(Y < y) = P(2X2 + 1 < y) = P(X < +\sqrt{1/2(y-1)} = FX(+\sqrt{1/2(y-1)}) We have that f(x) = 0.5 for -1 < x <...

Homework Statement I need to find the volume of the region bounded by (x-1)^2 + y^2 =1 \ \ \text{and} \ \ x^2+y^2+z^2=4 \ . But I only need help setting up the limits of integration. Homework Equations The typical cylindrical change of variables. The Attempt at a Solution I have 0 \leq...

Homework Statement Why is it that when using the comparison theorem my limits of integration must be from a constant value to infinity and not from negative infinity to infinity? For example ∫ x/(1+x^2) dx from -∞ to ∞

∞ ∫ x/(x^2+1) dx -∞ I basicaly evaluated the integral and Ln (x^2+1) as the antiderivative and when taking the limits I get ∞-∞ (ln |1| -ln|b+1|) + (ln|n+1|- ln|1|) lim b-> neg. infinity lim n-> infinity does this function converge or diverge? this was a question on...

Hi guys, I've been on quite a random change of variables binge lately and I've been messing around with a particular scenario in which I'm not 100% sure of how I should choose my limits of integration. Any help would be greatly appreciated! (And no, this is not homework, etc.) The scenario is as...

In working out the derivation of the probability current density, I see (based on the definition of j(x,t)) that the limits of integration are changed from d/dt∫(b to a) P(x.t) dx = iħ/2m[ψ*(x.t)∂/∂xψ(x.t) - ψ(x.t)∂/∂xψ*(x.t)](b to a) to d/dt∫(b to a) P(x.t) dx =...

So I am trying to understand how and why the limits of surface and volume integrals come about. I think I came up with a easy to understand argument but not a mathematically sound one. Frankly its a little dodgy. Can anyone provide feedback on this argument or provide a better and possibly more...

My limits of integration for my angle I chose to be from pi to 0 then I got the negative answer from what was in the book.. Shouldn't that be correct because we are integrating from -3 to 3?

Homework Statement \int_0^2 \int_0^\sqrt{2x-x^2} xy,dy,dx I know the answer, but how does the 2 in the outer integral become pi/2?? I'm fine with everything else, I just can't get this...

Suppose that (X,Y) is uniformly distributed over the regiondefined by 0≤ y ≤ 1-x2 and -1≤ x ≤ 1. a) find the marginal densities of X and Y Attempted solution: So first I have to find the joint density function which ends up being fxy(x,y) = 3/4 and then from that I would solve...

Hi everybody, I am trying to solve the following problem and I get stuck on the last question. I would appreciate a lot that someone helps me . Here is the problem: Let D be the region bounded from below by the cone z= the root of (x^2 + z^2), and from above by the paraboloid z = 2 – x^2 –...

Homework Statement For the double integral [SIZE="3"][SIZE="4"]∫[0,1]∫[0,x^3] e^(y/x) dxdy (a) sketch the region of integration (b) evaluate the integral and (c) re-express the integral with the order of integration reversedHomework Equations NoneThe Attempt at a Solution The problem is that...

Alright. I completely confused about determining the area between regions of polar curves. However, I do feel that I have a solid grasp in finding areas for single functions. For a given function in polar form, I know that I find the limits of integration by setting the function equal to zero...

I'm working through rewriting the gamma function as an infinite product, but my question is just about a specific substitution that was made in my textbook. They took the equation: \Gamma_ n(z)=\int_0^n t^{z-1} (1-\frac{t}{n}) ^ndt for Re(z)>0 and n greater than or equal to 1. and made the...

Fourier series of complex numbers with diffrent limits of integration? Dear all, i don't know how to simplify a COMPLEX NUMBER Fourier series with LIMITS OF INTEGRATION that are not complementary. I MEAN limits LIKE this X to -X being easy to solve and SIMPLIFY but Not X to -Y or...

Homework Statement Interpret the integrals (from 0 to 4)∫ (3x/4) dx + (from 4 to 5)∫ (sqrt(25-x^2)) dx as areas and use the result to express the sum above as one definite integral. Evaluate the new integral. Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution I see that I could...

! SOLVED ! This isn't a homework problem, just an equation in my chapter. I don't see how the two integrals pointed to by the blue arrows become the integral pointed to by the red arrow. I know that if you swap the limits of integration, you change the sign of the integral. However, how do...

Homework Statement Consider a force-free particle of mass m described, at an instant of time t = 0, by the following wave packet: \begin{array}{l} 0 \ \mathrm{for} \ |x| > a + \epsilon \\ A \ \mathrm{for} \ |x| ≤ a \\ -\frac{A}{\epsilon} (x − a − \epsilon) \ \mathrm{for} \ a < x ≤ a + \epsilon...

Homework Statement I'm confused about a certain aspect of shell method, washer method, and disk method. If I want to rotate using the washer method about the x-axis how do I get the new limits of integration? For example: y = 9-x2 over [0,3] about x-axis. I solved for x and got: x =...

Hello, I'm currently trying to get my Ti-89 Titanium to compute the following triple integral; f(x,y,z) = xy(1-z) where 0<x<1, 0<y<1, 0<z<1, and x+y+z<1 int(int(int(f(x,y,z),x,0,1-y-z),y,0,1-z),x,0,1) The problem is that I can't get my Ti89 to substitute in for the limits of...