State Definition and 1000 Threads

Homework Statement Obtain the state equations in Matrix form for the two-input and one-output circuit shown in the figure below where the output is i_2. Homework Equations Ohm's Law, KVL, KCL The Attempt at a Solution Currents i1, i2, i3 assumed clockwise. Is there a better assumption I...

What do you think about Feynman's description (http://feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/III_12.html#Ch12-S3) ? It seems to be inconsistent with hyperphysics (http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/quantum/h21.html).

Homework Statement What is the area of the primitive cell for the lattice shown below? The nearest neighbor separation is "a." Homework Equations Here's the lattice we were given on our handout, and I have added the lines to indicate the square lattice (in red), the basis (in purple), and...

1. Homework Statement We are studying circular states of the hydrogen atom (states where the l quantum number is = n-1). We are asked to evaluate \langle \Psi_{n,n-1,n-1}| r_{n,l=n-1}|\Psi_{n,n-1,n-1}\rangle . The wave function is that of the hydrogen atom, and the thing we are taking the...

What´s the difference between a resonance and a virtual state? For comparison, a standard moderately lived state, hydrogen 2p state, has energy of 10,2 eV above ground, and width 4*10ˇ-7 eV. An example of resonance is Delta - with mass 1232 MeV, it´s energy is about 290 MeV above ground...

can all quantum state be entangled without any exception even if their phases don't coincide? is the term to call this mixed state entanglement accurate? does it have to do with Fourier addition? this is related to environmental entanglement... when you are shaking hands with another person...

What are the physics requeriments? and which book should i choose to begin to study?

Quick Question. I've recently been told that a pure quantum state is the only state that can be entangled in quantum entanglement and display the results that is predicted with QM. The mixed states would lose their superposition immediately after entanglement. Is this true?

How to compare the ground state energies if diagrams containing x vs V are given. I saw a problem containing diagrams three potentials and they have asked to arrange them in order of their ground state energies. One was a potential well, and the other two had small perturbation in the middle...

Homework Statement Homework Equations ıt is nonhomog type ,2D heat conduction problem The Attempt at a Solution I don't understant To parts so I couldn't attemp a solution.

Homework Statement Two well-insulated rigid tanks of equal volume, tank A and tank B, are connected via a valve. Tank A is initially empty. Tank B has 2 kg of Argon at 350 K and 5000 kPa. The valve is opened and the Argon fills both tanks. State 2 is the final equilibrium state. The temperature...

My question is directed at anyone who currently is enrolled or was enrolled in Penn States PHD program as well as any faculty. Any other advise though would of course be appreciated. I was wondering what am I expected to be proficient in or to know prior to me starting in the fall semester...

I found Kittel very complicated and Ashcroft outdated. I want something rather new, written in a advanced but familiar manner.

Hi everybody, after studyng a little bit of nuclear physics I have noticed that many reactions (α,β,γ...) end with the new particles in excited states which rea¡main in those for a little time before going to the fundamental. I don't know why this happens instead of going directly to the...

I am trying to understand selection rules in atomic transitions. So, one of the selection rules says that only transitions where orbital quantum number is changed by 1 are possible. If that is the case how can hydrogen in ground state get to 2s state? Can we detect spectroscopic line that...

Homework Statement Given the equation of state ##V(P,T)=V_1\cdot exp(\frac{T}{T_1}-\frac{P}{P_1})## where ##V_1\;,T_1\;,P_1## are constants: a. derive an equivalent equation ##P(V,T)##; b. given ##C_V=DT^3## where D is a const, calculate the entropy of the system ##s(V,T)## up to a const; c...

Homework Statement A rigid container of volume 0.5 m3 contains 1.0 kg of water at 120oC (vf= 0.00106 m3/kg ,vg=0.8908 m3/kg ) v-specific volume (vf is v of saturated liquid and vg is v of saturated vapour) The state of water is (a) compressed liquid (b) saturated liquid (c) a mixture of...

State postulate for a simple compressible system is completely specified by two independent intensive properties. But what about state postulate for a incompressible system. Why it is not so important?

What is an (the?) empirically demonstrable method used for determining a substance's state of matter? If a new substance was discovered and scientist A said it's solid and scientist B said it's a liquid, how would it be demonstrably proven to be one or the other? The books I have define states...

There is something that I don't quite understand or want clarification. See John Wheeler article "100 years of the quantum" http://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0101077v1.pdf refer to page 6 with parts of the quotes read "so if we could measure whether the card was in the alpha or beta-states, we...

I have the solution for this problem but don't understand it. 1. Homework Statement Use Hund's rules to calculate the ground state of erbium with electron configuration [Xe]4f126s2 Homework Equations Hunds Rules: 1. Maximise S (within Pauli) 2. Maximise L (within Pauli) 3. Min J (for...

Suppose a single hydrogen atom is in mixed state. Ψ=(1/√2) Ψ_100+(1/√2) Ψ_200 Then energy will be E=(1/2)*13.6+(1/2)*(3.4)=8.5 eV. But there is no spectral line at 8.5 eV.

Hello, I am in the process of applying to graduate schools and most of them request either a letter of motivation or letter of intent. After looking at many examples i have noticed almost all of them start with a paragraph explaining who they are, the university they are coming from, their major...

\Homework Statement Show that the Fidelity between one pure state |\Psi\rangle and one arbitrary state \rho is given by F(|\Psi\rangle , \rho)=\sqrt{\langle\Psi|\rho|\Psi\rangle} . Homework Equations The quantum mechanical fidelity is defined as \begin{equation*}...

Homework Statement Let X(t) be a birth-death process with parameters $$\lambda_n = \lambda > 0 , \mu_n = \mu > 0,$$ where $$\lambda > \mu , X(0) = 0$$ Show that the total time T_i spent in state i is $$exp(\lambda−\mu)-distributed$$ 3. Solution I have a hard time understanding this...

For hydrogen atom ground state we know φ=π-1/2a-3/2e-r/1 I want to know the complex conjugate of φ* ?

Homework Statement Given an initial distribution state vector that represents the probability of the system to be in one of its states. Also given a Markov transition matrix. How to calculate the state vector of the system after n-transition? Homework Equations Assuming the initial state...

I'm studying for an upcoming final and this is a question from a practice exam we were given. It looks simple but for some reason I just can't wrap my brain around it. The question is attached and gives a state space representation of a system (A, B, C matrices) and asks what part of the system...

.. reaction. This may seem a nonsensicle question but I'll go ahead anyway. Say if I have a process that has an emission spectra dominated by excited state molecular emission, can I relate this in any way to the amount / number of chemical reactions occurring? Thanks for any help

I've come across an instructive paper which explains qualitatively what happens inside wires of a simple circuit during the transient state, leading to the steady state where there is an uniform E field everywhere inside the wires. Here are two figures from the paper which are pretty much self...

The well-known eigen value expression A(a)=a(a) assuming the operator which represents a physical phenomena acts on a quantum state which is represented by an eigen vector, (a) corresponds to an observed value a. But I am wondering if the same operator A can act on (a) and produce another eigen...

phase diagrams show the change of the state when temperature or pressure are modified. to achieve this, is necessary heat, but my questions is: would plasma state be described in this diagrams? is this figure true? because plasma state can be generated by heating.

Hello, I am trying to understand the intuition of the definition of the period of a state in a Markov chain. Say for example we can go from state i to state i in 3,5,7,9,11... and so on steps. The gcd here is one. So is this aperiodic state or one with periodicity of 2. Thanks

Homework Statement Design serial transmitter circuit take 8-bit word in parallel as input, when an input control signal (SEND) goes high, and serially outputs the word (i.e., one bit during each clock cycle) to a single transmission line. Transmission of a word begins with the least...

I have to take a graduate level statistical mech course and a solid state physics course next sem (starting in feb).As I will be dealing with these topics for the first time, I'd like to like to prepare myself for them by learning/revising the math involved in them. What are the mathematical...

Please check the following questions. Steady state of semiconductor w.r.t excess carrier. 1. If we shine photons on semiconductor and then turn the light off, semiconductor is not under the steady state condition. (it is under transient state since excess carrier concentration is decreasing)...

Suppose i have an eigenvalue which is two fold degenerate-. Is it possible to have a density matrix formulation for the following : there is a continuum of states considered namely every state in the eigenspace. How would it be written : $$\sum_{\lambda}\int \rho (\lambda,\alpha)|\lambda...

What is a quantum state of a system? I keep hearing it, but I'm not able to fully understand what it means, especially in relation to Bose-Einstein Condensate, and the Pauli Exclusion Principle.

I have to derive I did all the way but stuck with the ">=" to "=" sign. what is the logic behind it ? is it safe to write "approximate" while taking the square-root on both side ? or the energy term "V" has gone during the calculation so it has only momentum "p" ?

Hi everyone, I was hoping you guys could recommend some good solid-state physics textbooks or lecture notes. Thanks in advance.

Homework Statement Consider the bipartite state: |q> = a/sqrt (2) (|1_A 1_B> +|0_A 0_B>)+sqrt((1-a^2)/2) (|0_A 1_B>+|1_A 0_B>) where a is between or equal to 0 and 1 a) compute the state of the subsystem p_b b) compute the purity of p_b as a function of a c) for what values of a is the...

Homework Statement DC steady state circuit analysis: Consider the circuit shown below. The switch shown in the problem opens at time t = 0 seconds. If the circuit is in DC steady state at , find values for iL(0-), iL(0+), i(0-), i+, Vc(0-), Vc(0+). There is no RL or RC analysis to be performed...

As far as i understand, this is the principle of solid state x-ray detectors: 1. A photon of energy E enters the detector and goes through photoelectric absorption 2. As a result a photoelectron with energy (E - Φ) is ejected, where Φ is the binding energy required to eject the photoelectron...

I am trying to perform the operation a on a translated Gaussian, ie. the ground state of the simple harmonic oscillator (for which the ground state eigenfunction is e^-((x/xNot)^2). First, I was able to confirm just fine that a acting on phi-ground(x) = 0. But when translating by xNot, so a...

I am trying to solve the steady state heat equation with a heat source. I am starting out in 1 dimension (my book gives the solution in 2, but I'm just trying to get a feel right now) and I have a heat source Q, located at 0. It radiates heat through an infinite medium. So what would the steady...

Homework Statement a particle of mass m moves in 1D potential V(x),which vanishes at infinity. Ground state eigenfunction is ψ(x) = A sech(λx), A and λ are constants. find the ground state energy eigenvalue of this system. ans: -ħ^2*λ^2/2m Homework Equations <H> =E, H = Hamiltonian. p=...

Let's say we have a mol of hellium-3 and we heat it up until it becomes plasma. What happens to the neutrons? Wikipedia does not mention anything about them. It only says that "Plasma is loosely described as an electrically neutral medium of unbound positive and negative particles". Just to make...

Homework Statement [/B] If electron (1) is in a state described by cosα1χ+ + sinα1e iβ1 χ- and electron (2) is in a state described by cosα2χ+ + sinα2e iβ2 χ-, what is the probability that the two-electron state is in a triplet state? The Attempt at a Solution I already solved this problem; I...

Homework Statement Consider the bipartite observable O_AB = (sigma_A · n) ⊗ (sigma_B · m) Where n and m are three vectors and sigma_i = (sigma_1_i, sigma_2_i, sigma_3_i) with i = [A,B] are the Pauli vectors. Compute using abstract and matrix representation the expectation value of O_AB...

Homework Statement A piston-cylinder device attached below is shown in Figure 6.A-31where Patm = 100 kPa Tamb = 150°C piston Ac = 0.01m2 mp = 100 kg water T1 = 350°C P1 = 400 kPa z1 = 0.5m Figure 6.A-31: Piston-cylinder device. The initial position of the piston is z1 = 0.5 m and the piston...