Transistors Definition and 143 Threads

, I made this truth table, so this would be the output. I need to create a combinational circuit with inputs SW[2:0] that output this with the least amount of transistors. What is the strategy here? I have also attached my planning document: If you want to know how I selected the control...

As i recently came to know that the energy is not travelled in the wire infect it is travelled in the space around the wire in the electrical and magnetic field (thanks to varitasium for his video) so my question is particularly related to the IC fabrication. In IC fabrication we have...

I have been trying to build a simple Current control circuit using a NPN TIP35C transistor but have run into the problem of it constantly over heating and being destroyed. The transistor is the only component that heats up whilst it is on. The supply voltage is 10V, well below the Max and at the...

Instead of electron transistors why not go smaller particles like quarks?

Hi, I am a phd student in hardware security, I want to know what is the effect of the laser on power-off transistors and can it modify the threshold voltage of these transistors? And is there an equation that links the laser and the threshold voltage degradation? Sincerely

Hello everybody ! I do have a problem understanding transistor. I know how these solve and work : I know some basics like the voltage on Rb is Vbb - 0,7V. Or something like this. I also Know that the maximal current in this transistor is "defined" by the resistor in the collector which is...

AIUI, this is the current level of micro-ization of computer chips. I had always thought that eventually quantum effects start to become an issue when the transistors get to within 20 atoms in distance, which it would seem that 2 nm is.

THIS IS NOT HOMEWORK I design audiophile power amps as hobby. I need to match power transistors. It is A LOT HARDER than I thought. I built a test fixture to hold up to 50 transistors at a time. I try to match sets of 13 to about 1mV which is very tight as Vbe change is about -2mV/deg C. I have...

Good morning Thank you very much for being part of this forum. I have a concern. I have 4 D2059 transistors and I want to build an audio amplifier, but I don't have enough knowledge of electronics. And I have one more transistor tip117. Can anyone help me by sending a simple circuit diagram how...

Hello there, I believe here I need to find the capacitance of the junction between the P-doped gate and N-channel. Then I could find the RC time constant although I am not sure if there's something more I need to find the speed of the JFET? What I'm unsure of is the depletion width h to use...

Hi, When I look at some circuits, I often get overwhelmed when there are transistors and diodes and I have no idea how to make much sense of it at a detailed level. For example, in this power stage B amplifier, what is the point of the resistors ## R_1 ## and ## R_2 ## in the circuit...

Some RF transistors are not 'characterised' for lower frequencies, can they still be used? I get that a lower operating frequency (HF/1.8MHz) may not be the commercial target for an UHF transistor (>136MHz) so no effort spent on characterising them. Likewise HF transistors >1.8MHz not...

I want to control the speed of a larger sized motor (roughly 8" x 4" x 4", 48v, 5.8A, 30A max ) using a transistor and PWM. The only problem is I can't find any transistors that have enough resistance to prevent the current from passing directly through. I purchased some mofset transistors...

I was wondering in general what types of semiconductors are used in most solid state RF power amplifiers like the ones at cell base stations and elsewhere. Do they use mosfets etc which can only switch a square waveform or are bipolar ones also used that can output sinusoidal outputs that can be...

I’ve attached two images from my textbook. One describing how MOSFEET’s act like small resistances when in the triode region and open circuits when in the cutoff region, the other a list of equations describing the behavior of an NMOS transistor. I’m having trouble making sense of these two...

What are the transistor characteristics and limitations from building an ideal op-amp?

If I am given an H bridge circuit such as that below: How would I go on analyzing it? I would personally replace all of the transistors by their circuit models but then what would I do with the motor? Do I replace the motor with it's load resistance or is there more to it? I guess motors are...

Inside a CPU, when applying voltage to the gates of the CMOS transistor(high input), are the gate ore another components of a transistor will generate thermal radiation which will be absorbed by the neighboring transistor?

Our professor is teaching this circuit and she mentioned there are 24 transistors. But I counted and it comes out to be 22 T1 to T4 needs 2 (transistor) * 4 = 8 transistors Each inverter needs 2 transistors. so 7 inverters need 14 transistors. total 22 transistors. Unless we're also creating a...

Hello, I was reading an electronics book which state that transistors work with DC signals only (not AC), suggesting that relays are needed to switch AC signals. Is that a mistake? When used for amplification, I have seen transistors amplifying time-varying signals (which means AC). Unless...

My question is: What is the contribution of Quantum Physics to the discovery, of the transistor? In Adam Becker's book What is real? I read that, "the discovery of quantum physics in the early twentieth century led directly to the [discovery] of silicon transistors..." He implies that, the...

Homework Statement Hello, I have got input from comparator op amp which gives HIGH or LOW. Based upon that, one of two LEDs needs to light up. Two LEDs should't be ON at the same time. Calculations are not needed, only the schematics. Homework Equations None The Attempt at a Solution I am not...

Homework Statement 1. In Figure A-1 of Experiment 18, assume that Vdc = 8Volts, R1 = 1kOhms, R3 = 7kOhms and there is no R2 resistor. Determine the current in R1 when the transistor is fully on and carrying current. Express your answer in mA. 2. In the circuit of Figure A-1, Experiment 18...

Homework Statement I have this circuit Where I have to find R given that I=2mA, and Beta =200 Homework Equations Ic=Beta Ib Ie = Ic+Ib The Attempt at a Solution I would have thought that the voltage Vb would be -9.3V, since we have Vbe = 0.7 and at the bottom we are given -10V. Then I would...

I'm working on a few little 12VDC projects, and am wondering on the logic for choosing different types of transistors... Bipolar vs IGBT vs Mosfet... What makes one of them a clear choice in each application? I can see bipolar transistors would be ideally suited for for analog/linear...

Homework Statement Homework Equations $$f_X(x)=\lambda e^{-\lambda x}$$ $$F_X(x) = 1-e^{-\lambda x}$$ $$\mu = \frac{1}{\lambda}$$ The Attempt at a Solution a) $$f_{X,Y}(x,y) = f_X(x)f_Y(y) = \frac{1}{800} e^{-\frac{1}{800}x} \frac{1}{1000}e^{-\frac{1}{1000}y}$$...

Transistors are tiny crystal of silicon. Transistor switch and it's support component are memory cell. A single memory chip can hold up to 4 transistor ? What is the shrinking bit ? Can you please explain?

Homework Statement Given: an npn transistor having VBE = 0.76V for a collector current of 10mA at T=350 K (n=1) Find the corresponding collector current for VBE = 0.70V 2. Relevant questions a) Wouldn't that temperature be way to high for the transistor to act normally?? I mean 350K is 170F...

How are transistors able to amplify full AC signals? What I mean is that a transistor will conduct only if the base emitter junction is forward biased and when you apply high enough treshold voltage to turn it on. Like 0,6v. Then looking at the graph above, from 0 to 120 and from 120 to 0v the...

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/04/160407150617.htm Just wondering if this will be the next step in electronics, ie, wearable devices and printing electronics. Now, University of Pennsylvania engineers have shown a new approach for making these devices: sequentially depositing their...

So which method works better for random number generation(in terms of flatter frequency spectrum): transistor breakdown or Zener noise? I want to know whether to use a Zener diode or a Transistor when building a white noise generator. And FTR I intend to use Germanium because of its higher...

I am having troubles understanding the working of a bipolar junction transistor(and also its uses as switch, amplifier, oscillator etc.). Can anyone recommend any good book or video explaining it?

Quick basic question on how transistors work. Do they only work when a small current goes through the base, or would they function the same with a large current as well?

First let me just I'm a total newbie to electronics, but I would like to progressively learn how computers work by building the little components with the small parts, and then work up to the ICs once I understand how to make rudimentary versions. I'm trying to make a 1-bit multiplexer out of...

Hello Forum, I have recently learned about transistors and their ability to control (amplify) other signals. BJT transistors amplify current. There are also FET transistors. Some devices are termed current-controlled and others are called voltage controlled. Are there amplifiers that amplify...

hello dose anyone know of any type of transistor that would work with a 2.7v max source? I am trying to make a 2v-18v DC to AC inverter. I was using 2 Mosfet transistors with a 60hz oscillator, but the problem was it was barely turning the transistors on and over all not efficient at all. The...

Can current go either direction in a bjt, mosfet, and jfet? Or are they all usually just one direction? (Especially the jfet. Given the symmetry, I don't see what the difference is between drain and source) Thanks

Homework Statement Suggest one way of sizing the transistors of the logic circuit such that its worst case tpHL equals the tpHL of an inverter with a sizing of (W/L)min. Homework Equations I think the only equation is the (W/L) itself. The Attempt at a Solution I have actually done the front...

[ Mod note: moved from Elec Eng, might have better luck here] I have some basic knowledge of how FET work. But i have a question that i can't see the answer. For example: In a MOSFET we have a p-doped Silicon substrate. Then we have two n-doped silicons, with a oxide layer above the the...

Since you can make all the logic gates with diodes instead, what is the point of transistors considering they take more semiconductor material to construct? Thanks

Forgive the broadness of the question. I know this is a huge concept which entire books have been written about. I am an amateur computer programmer entering my first object-oriented class soon and want to get some things out of the way. When I write lines of code how does the computer know what...

Is there any reason why logic gates are built using transistors instead of PN junctions? Wouldn't it be more cost-efficient to use PN junctions? I am referring to CMOS logic gates. Also, what can a transistor do that a PN junction can't?

Hi everyone. I am starting to study transisors at Uni. and I am confuse in some main concepts. i thought about posting it here so someone can help me up. are pi hybrid signals equivalent circuits used with the same porposes as small signals equivalent circuits? or are pi hybrid signals, small...

Hello :-) I can't seem to get a good understanding about a part of transistors and how they act. What I think I know about transistors now is as follows: They're made up of npn or pnp called emitter, base and collector, and the junctions between them are emitter base junction and collector...

Homework Statement Design a +10V supply with the following specs: Iout =0-100 mA Vout =10V Vin=20-25V (unregulated supply w/ ripple) The circuit will have the diagram attached. The book I am using is The Art of Electronics, which is very "practical" the authoppr says things like why worry...

Homework Statement Design a +10V supply with the following specs: Iout =0-100 mA Vout =10V Vin=20-25V (unregulated supply w/ ripple) The circuit will have the diagram attached. The book I am using is The Art of Electronics, which is very "practical" the author says things like why worry about...

Hi, Could anybody explain me why the base current of a pnp is higher than a npn for the same collector current? Regards, David

Hi, please could someone help me with NPN transistors. I found this veritasium video on YouTube () and do not think it is correct. He shows a diagram towards the end of the video with a source and drain which I looked up and source is collector and drain is emitter. He clearly shows electrons...

I know that transistors work using QM, but I don't know how, can someone explain this to me?

I don't understand what exactly a transistor does in a burglar alarm. I read somewhere that this is its application as a switch but isn't it the LDR which works like that in this particular circuit? It would be really helpful if someone could explain the working in detail, I can't seem to find...