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Independent Research: Thinking Outside The Box Versus Knowing What’s In The Box

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Prologue Someone who shows interest in science is initially a welcome development. So are fresh ideas from unexpected quarters. In contrast, there is a scientific community that is meticulously organized down to the last detail, allowing little to no external influence. With the invention of social media and other sites on the internet competing for…

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Why Entangled Photon-Polarization Qubits Violate Bell’s Inequality per Quantum Information Theory

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In her YouTube video Bell’s Theorem Experiments on Entangled Photons, Dr. Fugate shows how polarization-entangled photons violate Bell’s inequality. In this Insight, I will use quantum information theory to explain why such entangled photon-polarization qubits violate the version of Bell’s inequality due to John Clauser, Michael Horne, Abner Shimony, and Richard Holt known as the…

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Relativator (Circular Slide-Rule) – Simulated with Desmos

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The Relativator (revisited) This is an update of my 2006 post (reconstructed in 2014) Relativator: The circular slide-rule for physicists. This is a circular slide-rule for doing relativistic calculations for elementary particle physics that I learned about from – an article by Elizabeth Wade ( “Artifact: Relativator”, Symmetry (FNAL/SLAC), 01/01/06, https://www.symmetrymagazine.org/article/december-2005january-2006/artifact-relativator  https://www.symmetrymagazine.org/sites/default/files/legacy/pdfs/200512/artifact_relativator.pdf ), which is…

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Quantum Entanglement is a Kinematic Fact, not a Dynamical Effect

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Towards the end of the first lecture for the Qiskit Global Summer School 2025, Foundations of Quantum Mechanics, Olivia Lanes (Global Lead, Content and Education IBM) stated: Before we end, let’s now briefly talk about the birth of quantum information science, a pivotal shift that began in the 1990s. This is the era when researchers…

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Beyond the Tidal Bulge

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Overview That there is no tidal bulge is the key premise of this article. Upper-level oceanography undergraduates and above know this. Yet the tidal bulge is still used to portray why the Moon is receding the Earth. If there is no tidal bulge, some other explanation is in order. That other explanation uses gravitation as…

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PBS Video Comment: “What If Physics IS NOT Describing Reality”

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PBS Space Time produces some very good videos on the foundations of quantum mechanics (QM), so let me comment on their video What If Physics IS NOT Describing Reality to provide (crucial) missing information. This comment pertains only to the first 9 min of the video, i.e., it has nothing to do with “entropic uncertainty,”…

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Aspects Behind the Concept of Dimension in Various Fields

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Abstract It took until the last century for physicists and mathematicians in the Netherlands to question the Euclidean concept of dimension as length, width, and height. Luitzen Egbertus Jan Brouwer published a ground-breaking paper On the Natural Concept of Dimension (Amsterdam, [2]) in 1913 about the mathematical definition of dimension picking up a thought from…

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Addition of Velocities (Velocity Composition) in Special Relativity

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The “Addition of Velocities” formula (more correctly, the “Composition of Velocities” formula) in Special Relativity [tex]\frac{v_{AC}}{c}=\frac{ \frac{v_{AB}}{c}+\frac{v_{BC}}{c} }{1 + \frac{v_{AB}}{c} \frac{v_{BC}}{c}}[/tex] is a non-intuitive result that arises from a “hyperbolic-tangent of a sum”-identity in Minkowski spacetime geometry, with its use of hyperbolic trigonometry. However, I claim it is difficult to obtain this by looking at…

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Schrödinger’s Cat and the Qbit

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The concept of quantum superposition (or superposition for short) is very counterintuitive, as Schr##\ddot{\text{o}}##dinger noted in 1935 writing [1], “One can even set up quite ridiculous cases.” To make his point, he assumed a cat was closed out of sight in a box with a radioactive material that would decay with 50% probability within an…

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