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Remote Operated Gate Control System

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Introduction This project began life in 2017 when the author had just begun experimentation with GPIO pins on a Raspberry Pi 3. At that point in time a greatly appreciated Christmas present  was an “Explorer Hat” module which provided the aspirant programmer with 5 volt tolerant input and output channels (analogue and digital) , capacitive…

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Hybrid AI Video Codecs and Modern Streaming Techniques

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Introduction AI and Hybrid Codecs Modern Video codecs are all based on similar principles. Recently, these have been complemented by AI techniques, such as super-resolution, to form hybrid codecs. The current state of the art is one of transition to have one based only on AI eventually: https://deeprender.ai/ Codecs using only AI are several years…

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Sinc Function & Upsampling in Digital Audio Explained

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Introduction This elaborates some of the claims in my insights article on digital audio. The Sinc Function Upsampling and Zero Insertion The first link in my insights article has a section on filters, but I will detail the most critical case. The bit depth is assumed to be so large for all practical purposes that…

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Modern DACs, Dither, DXD & High-Res Audio Explained

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Introduction First, we need some background in Digital Signals. This can be mathematically quite advanced, but since I would like this article to be accessible to as wide an audience as possible, here is a link that explains what is needed (not even Calculus is required): https://brianmcfee.net/dstbook-site/content/intro.html Shannon’s Sampling Theorem An important point not emphasized…

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Differential Equation Systems and Nature

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Abstract “Mathematics is the native language of nature.” is a phrase that is often used when it comes to explaining why mathematics is all around in natural sciences, especially in physics. What does that mean? A closer look shows us that it primarily means that we describe nature by differential equations, a lot of differential…

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Why ChatGPT Is Unreliable: Design Limits and Misconceptions

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ChatGPT’s reliability I’ll start with the simple fact: ChatGPT is not a reliable answerer to questions. Wolfram’s explanation To try to explain why from scratch would be a heavy lift, but fortunately, Stephen Wolfram has already done the heavy lifting for us in his article, “What is ChatGPT Doing… and Why Does It Work?” [1]…

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Program ATmega8A with Arduino: Step-by-Step Guide

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Introduction If you are interested in programming and electronics, you probably do not need an introduction to Arduino. If you want to make your Arduino projects permanent, then it is a good idea to use solo microcontrollers rather than Arduino boards in the final setup. While Arduino boards are great for prototyping, buying an Arduino…

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P vs. NP and what is a Turing Machine (TM)?

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P or NP This article deals with the complexity of calculations and in particular the meaning of ##P\stackrel{?}{\neq}NP## Before we explain what P and NP actually are, we have to solve a far bigger problem: What is a calculation? And how do we measure its complexity? Many people might answer, that a calculation is an…

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Quantum Computing Explained: Qubits, Algorithms & Applications

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Overview This article provides an accessible introduction to quantum computing, a cutting-edge technology that processes certain types of information much faster than conventional computers. Major companies like Google, Microsoft, IBM, and Intel are heavily investing in its development due to its potential to solve complex problems that are currently infeasible for classical computers, such as…

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