What is Rate: Definition and 1000 Discussions

The Institute for Creation Research (ICR) is a Creationist apologetics institute in Dallas, Texas that specializes in media promotion of pseudoscientific creation science and interpretation of the Genesis creation narrative as a historical event. The ICR adopts the Bible as an inerrant and literal documentary of scientific and historical fact as well as religious and moral truths, and espouses a Young Earth creationist worldview. It rejects evolutionary biology, which it views as a corrupting moral and social influence and threat to religious belief. The ICR was formed by Henry M. Morris in 1972 following an organizational split with the Creation Science Research Center (CSRC).Its work in the field of creation science has been rejected by mainstream science, but has been significant in shaping creationist thought in the United States by introducing creation science through fundamentalist churches and religious schools, and by engaging in public debates against supporters of evolution. The ICR also offers unaccredited graduate level programs in Biblical Apologetics, including a minor in Creation Research. The ICR also operates the ICR Discovery Center for Science & Earth History museum in Dallas, Texas.

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  1. T

    Heat Transfer & Combustion: Estimate Pipe Heat Loss/m

    << Mentor Note -- poster reminded to use the standard Template >> Question Three A pipe of outside diameter 200 mm is lagged with an insulating material of thermal conductivity 0.06 W m-1 K-1 and thickness 75 mm. The pipe carries a process fluid at a temperature of 300 °C and the average...
  2. T

    Heat Transfer -- Rate of heat loss from a pipe with superheated steam

    Question - Four A pipe carrying superheated steam at 300 °C has an outside diameter of 120 mm and is lagged with two layers of insulating material. The first layer (adjacent to the outer pipe wall) is 25 mm thick and has a thermal conductivity of 0.072 W m-1 K-1. The second layer (covering the...
  3. photonkid

    B How do we know that the rate of expansion of the Universe was slowing down

    I've read that until 5 billion years ago the rate of expansion of space was decreasing. How do we know that it was slowing down? Does the uniformity of the CMB mean that the rate of expansion is identical throughout the entire universe - or does it just mean that the average rate of expansion...
  4. S

    Why is the replacement fertility rate 2.1 instead of 2.0?

    What is the reason for this? Does it have something to do with the fact that the women who don't have any children somehow contribute more to the statistic than women who do have children?
  5. M

    MHB Effective Rate of Interest

    A $17,000 T-bill is purchased at a 2.75% discount rate for 20 weeks. Find the effective rate of interest to the nearest hundredth of a percent. My Effort: Note: 20 weeks = 20/52 or 5/13 of a year. Let E = effective rate of interest E = [1 + (r/m)]^m - 1 where r is the nominal (annual )...
  6. N

    A Poisson/exponential process with step-wise decreasing rate

    So I've been stuck on trying to figure out the following problem. This is basically just for my own interest, not for a school problem or anything like that. It came out of trying to get my head around Poisson and exponential distributions. Imagine you have a process where you have a fixed...
  7. M

    MHB What is the rate for getting your paycheck early from a payday lender?

    Although I am currently in the trig sections of my textbook, I decided to also check out questions not involving trigonometry. You are due a $750 paycheck at the end of the week (Friday), but want to get your hands on the cash on Monday. A payday lender offers to make this deal with you for a...
  8. S

    Absorbed dose given an initial dose rate

    Homework Statement [/B] Assume that we have 137 Cs absorbed in an unknown organ. We know that the initial dose rate is 1μGy/h. Calculate the total equivalent dose in this organ, if we know that the activity is reduced exponentially over time with an active half life of 100 days. Homework...
  9. C

    B Measuring the Universe's expansion rate

    From our perspective the Universe is expanding faster the further away things get, correct? Given that we are measuring further and further back in time my question is this. If you were at the furthest known point in the Universe looking back at our galaxy and attempting to measure the expansion...
  10. isukatphysics69

    Rank the rate of speed changing of object?

    Homework Statement Rank the rate at which the speed of each object is changing, greatest first. Ignore the sign; rank the magnitude or absolute value only. Homework Equations The red vector is the acceleration[/B] The Attempt at a Solution I have A>F>D>E=C and the program is telling me i am...
  11. B

    Thermal Neutron Absorption Rate in Water?

    Homework Statement "The 2200 m/s flux in an ordinary water reactor is 1.5*10^13 neutrons/cm^2*s. At what rate are the thermal neutrons absorbed by the water?" Homework Equations (unsure) The Attempt at a Solution I know that absorption of a thermal neutron (a neutron in thermal equilibrium)...
  12. S

    Rate of water flow into an immersed container

    Hi, I am wondering how I may calculate the rate of water flow into a container(say, a empty box) with a hole in it, and with the whole box immersed in water. Does it have something to do with the force of water pushing against the container, and calculating how fast water can flow through the...
  13. sparkie

    Calculating Serial Baud Rate from Measured Value

    Homework Statement The problem is to calculate the baud rate of a serial transmission by measuring the length of time required to send the ASCII character 'Z' over a serial port. The serial port settings are 9600 baud with a start and stop bit, no parity and a data size of 8 bits. Homework...
  14. P

    B Maintaining the same flow rate while subdivding a tube

    I have a 5/8" tube that air is blown through. I want to subdivide the center section using .1" tubes so that the same volume of air can be blown through it. It will start as 5/8", but immediately be divided into the separate .1" tubes, then end as a single 5/8" tube. How many .1" tubes would I...
  15. T

    How do I calculate the maximum flow rate?

    A building has a water inlet and outlet. The static water pressure at the buildings water intake is 5 bar. I'm trying to determine how much water this outlet will deliver when its valve is fully open. In that state, the pipe size and length will result in a certain head loss that I can calculate...
  16. dRic2

    Volumetric flow rate in a PFR reactor

    Hi pf, I have a reaction ## aA → bB ## in a PFR reactor. The simplest equation to write is: ## \frac {dF_A} {dV} = -R ## where ##F## is the Molar flow rate. ##F = C_A*Q## where ##Q## is the volumetric flow rate and ##C_A## is the molar concentration of A. My textbooks says that if ##a=b##...
  17. T

    Flow rate in underfloor heating system

    Consider an underfloor heating system in an apartment building. Each apartment has its own distribution box with a number of loops and a thermostatic mixing valve set to 35°C. The loops are intended to work with a ΔT of 5°C (35-30), and the riser pipe supply temperature is 75°C. Say there are...
  18. Pattarasak

    A Qubit error rate of QKD BB84 protocol

    Hello everyone, I don't know how to measure the QBER of BB84 protocol in a realistic experiment.In the most paper show the data which is only the number but do not show the unit of data, what is the unit of these data?
  19. Richie Smash

    Rate of conversion of P.E. to heat for a waterfall

    Homework Statement There is a waterfall 230m high, take acceleration due to gravity to be 10 m s-2 and the specific heat Capacity off water to be 4200 J Kg-1K-1 First find the speed of the water hitting before htitting the ground using the Principle of Conservation of energy Second assume all...
  20. K

    Calculate the rate of potential energy loss of water in a pipe

    Homework Statement Question: what rate does the water lose gravitational potential energy? Data: I have a pipe that water is flowing through and the pipe has 2 sections. In section 1: - the pipe is 11.9m above section 2 so, h = 11.9m - the velocity of water is $$v_1 = 0.3240ms^{-1}$$...
  21. R

    I Rate of change of area under curve f(x) = f(x)

    What lead to the equality of the, rate of change of area under curve f(x) = f(x). Was it, they were just compared(OR believed to be equal) and mathematically found to be equal. Or when one was integrated or differentiated the other appeared. Also I knew, integration was being used since...
  22. S

    I Gravitational Waves vs Universe Expansion Rate

    Is there any relationship between the Speed of gravitational waves and the Universe's "local" expansion rate? Speed of gravitational waves is supposed to be equal to the speed of light. Gravitational waves don't travel faster than light. But we can observe far galaxies moving away from us with...
  23. A

    Solving the Question: Calculating Dose Rate for 90Sr

    Homework Statement I have attached the question below. Homework Equations I'm not sure how to answer the question. The Attempt at a Solution [/B] I started by calculating the specific dose rates for each isotope, but I cannot get any data for 90Sr using...
  24. T

    Flow rate in unconfined aquifier?

    Homework Statement A 40cm well was drilled penetrating straight into unconfined aquifier at depth of 90m . The other wells were drilled at a distance of 20m and 100m from initial well have decrease in water level of 12m and 8m from groundwater level . If the aquifier has a permeability value...
  25. Pushoam

    Minimum consumption rate of a heat pump

    Homework Statement Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution Effiency of a heat pump is given as ## \eta = \frac { T_h }{T_h – T_c} = 30 ## W * 30/s = 6000*4.2 cal /s Minimum consumption rate = W/s = 840 watt Is this correct?
  26. P

    I The physics of a missile with uniform rate of fuel loss

    Hello everyone! I'm at a loss trying to figure out the specific force that pushes a missile at rest off the ground, to the high sky. Considering a missile with constant mass, and an independent initial total fuel mass. The rate of fuel mass being expelled out of the missile is constant, in...
  27. S

    Engine flow rate with varying power settings

    Most engine specifications I have found only provide the engine mass flow rate for take-off setting. For example, the V2500 has a mass flow rate of 354.25 kg/s. How does the flow rate vary through different power settings? For example, if the engine is on idle, will the mass flow rate be 0...
  28. T

    Regression rate of fuel in rocket nozzle

    So we have: stability for n < 1 instability for n > 1 I assume to get the time growth, I have to integrate the above first eqn. However I also get ln(δpc) at the LHS from the integrating. However the above equation for time growth removed that ln(δpc) and thus I can't...
  29. yeshuamo

    What is the Physical Situation Described by this Unidentified Transition Rate?

    Homework Statement I am identifying equations on the final exam equation sheet for my quantum II class. I've identified them all except this one, what I am guessing is a transition rate for some kind of emission or absorption of radiation case. Please help me identify the physical situation...
  30. CDreyer23

    Rate of Change of Magnetic Field in Square wire loop

    Homework Statement The circuit shown is in a uniform magnetic field that is into the page. The total current in the circuit is 0.20 A, flowing counterclockwise. At what rate is the magnitude of the magnetic field changing? Is it increasing or decreasing? Square wire loop with base and height...
  31. T

    I Expansion Rate of Cosmic Bubbles

    I’ve understood that within the theory of Eternal Inflation the Bubble Universes that form from a drop of “vacuum” energy expand at the Speed of Light. My question is: Why would expansion be at the speed of light and not at a speed proportional to the level of vacuum energy still present in...
  32. J

    Calculating Instantaneous Rate of Change for a Quadratic Function

    Homework Statement Estimate the instantaneous rate of change of the function f(x)=3x^2 + 4x at (1,7) Homework Equations ∆f(x)/∆x = f(x2)-f(x1) / x2-x1 The Attempt at a Solution I know that x=1 given the point, but to find the instantaneous rate of change I can use x=1.001 as this is a very...
  33. S

    Calculating Angle of Elevation Rate of Change for an External Elevator

    Homework Statement A building has an external elevator. The elevator is rising at a constant rate of ##2 \; \text{ms}^{-1}##. Sarah is stationary, watching the elevator from a point 30m away from the base of the elevator shaft. Let the angle of elevation of the elevator floor from Sarah's eye...
  34. F

    I Volumetric flow rate and Force

    Does Pressure multiplied by volume multiplied by volumetric flow rate equal Force?
  35. Ranku

    I Cosmological constant and rate of expansion of the universe

    Does the presence of the cosmological constant modify the rate of expansion of the universe even during the earlier deceleratingly expanding phase of the universe?
  36. nightingale123

    How Many Machines Are in the Factory to Meet Production Requirements?

    Homework Statement A factory has gotten an order for ##N## products. For this job it has ##n## available machines.If all the machines would work simultaneously the order would have been completed in 24 hours. However due some complications there exist only two possible way to build the...
  37. M

    Heat Transfer and mass flow rate

    Hi, wondered if anyone can give me a pointer on this problem I am working on. 6 Diesel engines each with power 55kW running, given output cooling water temperature of 80°C, and required return temp of 60°C. The coolant is to be fed through a heat exchanger, with the heat exchanger outlet to be...
  38. C

    Mass flow rate calculation from velocity contour in pipe

    Hello all, Looking for ideas on how to calculate mass flow rate from a velocity contour plot. The cross-sectional area is circular. An example of the velocity contour plot is shown in the figure below: In most of the cases (as exemplified above) the flow is non-axisymmetric. Any suggestions...
  39. L

    Rate of Gravitational Force (Power)

    Homework Statement At what rate is the gravitational force doing work on a 2.0 kg projectile at an instant when the velocity of the projectile is 4.0 m/s directed 30 degrees above the horizontal. the answer is -39 W but i need help on why! Homework Equations P = W/T Power = Work*V...
  40. C

    Understanding Backpressure Effects on Flow Meter Calibration

    Hello all, I have an in-house designed flow meter with roughly the configuration in the figure. In the setup, a restriction is placed in the flow stream (the rows of horizontal lines in the figure). Pressure measurements upstream and downstream of the restriction, P1 and P2, respectively are...
  41. G

    I Calculating the rate of rise of air

    I know there are many factors that affect this question, such as altitude etc, but in its simplest form... - How fast does a parcel of air rise if, say, the parcel of air is at 5 degrees centigrade in a room filled with air at 0 degrees C. (Maybe I should be using Kelvin?). Just need to get an...
  42. D

    Is the mass of Liquid N2 and its rate of mass loss related?

    Homework Statement So I'm doing an experiment at uni which I have to find out the specific heat capacity of given small solid cylinder. We are given an insulated canister(a dewar flask) standing on a scale where we have to pour Liquid Nitrogen(hereafter will be referred as LN2) in. A cork with...
  43. L

    Calculating Simple Interest Rate on a $2,000 Savings Account

    Homework Statement Dylan received an academic achievement prize of $2,000 from his college. He deposited this money into a savings account on July 15, 2016. If the interest accumulated on the investment when he withdraws the money on March 29, 2017 was $73.93, calculate the annual rate of...
  44. karush

    MHB F.6.1 - Interest Rate Fundamentals

    $6–1$ Interest rate fundamentals: The real rate of return Carl Foster,atrainee at an investment banking firm, is trying to get an idea of what real rate of return investors are expecting in today’s marketplace. He has looked up the rate paid on $3-$month U.S.Treasury bills and found it to be...
  45. A

    Determining camshaft deceleration rate from Follower?

    I am doing this as a hobby, trying to understanding some physics calculation for camshafts and following cam s,v,a,j. All pictures in this thread are just samples that tie to nothing much, other than just images. 1. From the 1st image above, the camshaft (emulated digital signal) is...
  46. C

    Practical method to measure the rate of a luminol reaction

    I was wondering how I could measure the rate constant k for chemiluminescence reaction of luminol (when oxidised by H2O2. I was told that I can use a lux meter that measures the intensity of light emitted, but I'm not so sure how this can be done since the equation calculating the rate constant...
  47. S

    I Gradient in the rate of time vs acceleration

    (context) I can remember reading about an atomic clock that could show time running slightly differently rates at different heights, due to the differences in gravitation. Is it realistic to think of it the other way round, ie gravity as an effect of miniscule time rate difference ? If an...
  48. J

    Calculating pressures from flow rate & pressure differential

    It seems there must be a way, but I cannot seem to wrap my head around it. Here's the scenario... I have a 24" line flowing with a wet gas (combustion flue gas) into a dryer. It comes in at 90 degrees F, at a rate of 180 SCF/M. It leaves the dryer at 73 degrees F at a rate of 124...
  49. S

    Maximum rate at which energy is stored in a LR circuit

    Homework Statement An Inductor L and a Resistance R are connected in series with a battery of emf E. Find the maximum rate at which the energy is stored in the magnetic field. Homework Equations Energy stored in an inductor : U= 1/2Li2 For a simple LR circuit with a DC voltage source the...
  50. Q

    I Shear Rate in a Rectangular Channel

    Say you have a rectangular channel with a width, w (m), and a height, h (m) and an infinite length. The channel itself is fixed and none of the sides can move with respect to one another. If you know the volume flow rate, V (m3/s) of fluid through the channel, how do you calculate the shear rate...
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