Rate Definition and 1000 Threads

For instance, consider the reaction X + 2Y --> Z. Suppose the reaction is first order with respect to both X and Y. We can write that "rate" = k[X][Y]. However, we could measure the rate of reaction as the (negative of the) rate of change of [X] OR that of [Y], however the rate of change of...

When ICs undergo accelerated testing via thermal cycling, wouldn't rate of temperature increase factor into the equation? For example, in Equation 4 in this pdf: http://www.issi.com/WW/pdf/semiconductor-reliability.pdf The Temp Cycling Acceleration Factor is a function of Tmax,stress and...

The precession rate is given as ##Ω = \frac{Mgr}{Iω}##. What are the units here?: I'm calculating it as ##\frac{1}{rad . s}##. Am I supposed to interpret this as revolutions per second, sort of like frequency, and ignore the ##rad##? Also, period is calculated as: ##T = \frac{2π}{Ω}##. So...

Summary: Is it possible to tell the current average universe expansion rate i.e. acceleration of expansion in m/s^2 ? Is it possible to tell the current average universe expansion rate i.e. acceleration of expansion in m/s^2 ? If i say in relation to earth, does this make it easier to answer...

So I was looking for some rate constants for a certain reaction and I found these: So I wanted to try them. The problem is, I have no idea how to correctly write the rate constants. Reactions number 1 to 6 is a no-brainer as it's simple Arrhenius. My problem is for rate constants 7 to 12. I...

I tried solving this question a few ways and this one logically made the most sense however I got it wrong and I am unsure of why. I first plugged in t=2 into p(t). p(2)=0.3(2)1/2+6.3 to obtain 6.724264069. I then found the derivative of D(p) which is D'(p)=-60000/p3. I plugged in...

I would like to know some guidelines regarding this topic. The characteristics of wave propagation depend highly on the orientation of fibre (unidirectional and warp & weft arrangement), fibre volumetric fraction, relative fibre modulli etc. What is the relation of wave propagation and these...

we have a project to how knowing the flow rate of fluid at the burst leakage due over pressured, probably to make it easier to understand i will attach some pictures of this mechanism. Picture at above is simply mechanism of pipeline system that installed vertically, with fluid is mud and...

I am in pharmacy school and my professor recently went over lung diseases with us. An important (and cheap) tool that many patients can use to detect whether their lung function is declining is a peak flow meter, which tells the patient how much air they are moving when they exhale with as much...

So to begin this question, I do know that volume =4/3 pi r cubed, while the surface area) 4 pi r squared. I will like to clarify some things about the question: 1) does the first sentence means dv/dt is proportional to 4 pi r squared? 2) given the second sentence how am I able to construct an...

When dealing with a compressed air system I would like to know how to make some calculations to predict pressure and flow rate throughout a system. e.g. If I have a compressor that can supply 50 cfm @ 100 psi at the source, and the air flows through a system of pipes, filters, turns, etc. which...

I understand that, Baud Rate = Clock Frequency / (16 x N) and that N = DLL + DLM when I substitute the figures to get an answer for N to be 576, how do I then convert this into the HEX contents of DLL and DLM, especially considering the maximum value for DLL or DLM is 255? I have uploaded...

Hi, It says that: When A transmits, it can only be heard/received by B when D transmits, only C can hear/receive from D. Ans : 2 messages/slot Please provide some reasoning for this answer. Zulfi.

Summary: Pipe Testing I need some help on how to calculate PSI loss to gallons per hour? We will be testing this 8" PVC line at 150 PSI for 4 hours. If the test gauge drops 10 PSI per hour, what is the formula to determine the gallons per hour lost? Thank you for your help.

Hello All, I am working on a project with plate heat exchangers connected in a cascade system to heat up water connections in a huge system The Problem Statement : A boiler produces and circulates hot water at 65 degC to a Heat Exchanger and come out at 50 degC, where as the other fluid is...

I am working Organic Rankine Cycle. I studied a number of research papers and in most of them, they have calculated outlet volume flow rate from the turbine or expander, but have not mentioned the calculations. So here are the available data; Pin = Turbine Inlet Pressure, 2.5 MPa Pout = Turbine...

Is this the correct symbol to use for average rate of change: \overline{\triangle}=\dfrac{f(b)-f(a)}{b-a}

I want to know what's the flow rate (in kg/s) of saturated steam at 5 barA pressure to the turbines of a 250 kW power plant.

I am using a compressed gas tank to fill an otherwise empty container, The gas tank is around 50bar and the container will be filled to 6bar. If I am using a pressure transducer to determine when the container has been filled to 6bar, can I use the information I gain from it to derive the flow...

The rates I've come across are 67, 71 and 74. Obviously it's not 74 as it was just announced. Is it one of these other numbers, something else? I'm only asking out of curiosity.

A basic question... The further a galaxy is from ours, the more redshift, the faster it is moving away from us. This is taken as a sign the universe is expanding at ever increasing rate. Yet... As we look farther out into space, we are also looking back in time. If the farther we look back in...

Disclaimer: I am parroting the information in this from articles that I've read. This post is to try to get a better understanding of what they are talking about and if any of it is relevant. I came across an article regarding the Big Bang while looking into the current rate of universe...

So the other day, I was pouring beer from a can to a mug and I obviously know the flow rate depends on the height of the beer from the bottom of the can (fluid level in the vessel), angle of tilt and I think time as well. I was wondering how to best model the PDE to describe such a phenomenon (...

I'm struggling to understand something basic here. If I have a just a wheel, with mass 10kg, and radius 0.25m, and I specify that the CG is accelerating linearly at 1ms-2, how do I calculate the force needed to do this? Using F = ma gives 10N, but using this value for torque calculation on the...

Summary: The problem: If one wants to make a digital record of sound such that no audible information is lost, what is the longest interval, Δt, between samples that could be used? ( it gives a hint that humans can hear sound waves in the frequency range 20 Hz to 20 kHz. It should be a very...

Friendly argument at work (both non physics majors) with what tube would fill up faster with a flow rate (siphon like) that remains the same through two different diameter tubes. The dialysate jug is open to atm pressure. One tube is about .5 inches in diameter and the other is .25. We were...

So I must define the problem stated above. I must define the variables and the error associated with each one of them. Any Formula, Articles, Insight would be of great help! Thanks in advance.

I have the calculation on secret key rate over the turbulence channel using Python code. The calculation is as below: import numpy as np import math import re import random import cmath #import itertools from math import pi,e,log import time #import xlwt import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from...

MODERATOR'S NOTE: NO TEMPLATE BECAUSE THREAD WAS SUBMITTED TO ONE OF THE REGULAR FORUMS Summary: Calculate the air change rate required to keep a certain temperature In question d above, you were asked to calculate how long the air flow in the system would be active in a day. Now factor in...

Could anyone kindly kind me as to where this formula is derived from and how, because I searched and can't find it anywhere

I got 6.33% but apparently it's 3.2%

A valve is installed between the throttle body and intake manifold and decrease its area to restrict the flow. How do I analyze the mass flow rate of air in the decreasing area to know the engine working condition at a minimum valve area?

Hello Material experts out there ! I would like to test a reduced deposition rate for Ni ( 0.3 nm/sec reduced to 0.1 nm/sec) to avoid metal splashes and stabilize the process. This would for sure increase the deposition process time but I'm not quite sure of the Microscopic effects of such a...

a) so Q=V/t = Av Q is constant ( same At A0 and A). That means I have to find the velocity of the water either at A0 or at A. But how can I find it? I thought there must be a reason that h is given but the only way I can use it is to assume the velocity is 0m/s at A0 but actually it is not...

Is the likelihood (or unlikelihood) of a Big Rip changed by the new findings of faster universe expansion (https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/04/190425104128.htm). In https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/will-the-big-rip-basically-be-the-big-bang-for-the-next-universe.971039/, phinds...

As mentioned above I'm unable to begin because I don't know the relevant equations or method.

Lets say if I have a pipe with one end closed, and drill a small hole on the side of the pipe near the closed end. Then I use vacuum at the open end to create mass flow exiting the pipe. Where is the opposite force on the pipe? [crackpot youtube video deleted by moderator @russ_watters ]

It takes 28 minutes for 7 people to paint 7 walls. How many minutes does it take 14 people to paint 14 walls?

Some thoughts that I've had on the question are saying the volume flow rate (##Q##) in, must equal the volume flow rate out. If that's the case, then: ##Q_{in} = Q_{out}## ##A_1V_1=A_2V_2## But... no areas have been given. And height doesn't enter this equation at all. Then I thought it...

Imagine a 400-meter-long pipe with a 1600-meter diameter, floating in inter-planetary space. It is spinning at 0.5 gravity along its major axis and there are no secondary-axes spins. We need to increase rotation to 0.85 g. Its density is a uniform 2.3 kg/m³ and it weighs 49,120,056 kg. Thanks to...

hii, I'm try to calculate the pressure (in bar) needed for a certain flow rate 3 L/min of Argon gas given the following setup: - I have a tank of Argon gas and the line pressure can be between 0 bar to 5 bar. - The gas will flow out to the open air in the end. - My pipe has an internal radius...

Could I please get a hint on how I should start this question/how I should parameterize these variables? I'm going to head to sleep as I am from the eastern time zone. I apologize ahead of time for my delayed reply.

So for part (a), I used the fact that 1/N = the period = T. I solved for the velocity, where i got v=2πRN. I plugged that v into F=(m v^2)/R, which is the centripetal force, but also the force of friction. My answer to part (a) is 4(π^2)mR(N^2). I'm a bit confused on part (b). I know that...

Homework Statement The count-rate from a gamma source is measured to be 1000 counts per minute. When 1.0 cm of lead is placed between the source and the detector, the count rate is reduced to 100 counts per minute. What additional thickness of lead would have reduced the count-rate to 50 counts...

Hello! I hope you are all doing well! I've been always intrigued by fluid mechanics and decided to try out a quick experiment with my water faucet. After using some equations I found online [1] [2], I plugged a hose to the faucet and let the water run. I filled a 1 quart bowl and recorded the...

So here's an interesting topic and I would appreciate some input from the assembled brains of PF to the question. Unfortunately I can't reveal the background to this but I want to know something about the rate that small bubbles of CO2 are likely to be dissolved in water under moderate pressure...

I don't know how things are changing globally, but over here the bank rates are slowly going up. In conjunction, I've been reading articles from my bank that say that it would be a good time to go from a variable-rate mortgage (where the rate is adjusted every 3 months) to a fixed-rate mortgage...

This is about my tabletop game again. Hypothetically speaking, if your heart rate was faster because of an "altered time rate" - anywhere from X2 to significantly more than that times the normal time rate - would that increase your g force tolerance? I'm speaking mainly about a g-force...

Homework Statement A reaction has a rate constant of 0.0117/s at 400.0 K and 0.689/s at 450.0 K. What is the value of the rate constant (to 1 decimal place) at 538 K? Homework Equations ln k= ln A-E[a]/RT The Attempt at a Solution I'm not sure how to approach this problem, although I know...

Homework Statement U - 238 is undergoing alpha emission into Th - 234. U - 238 has half – life of 109 years. Calculate the emission rate of alpha when uranium has mass of 10 grams Homework Equations A = λN A = A0 (1/2)n , n = t / half - life The Attempt at a Solution Not sure how to do it but...