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Poisson bracket


Definition/Summary
In the Hamiltonian formulation of classical mechanics, equations of motion can be expressed very conveniently using Poisson brackets. They are also useful for expressing constraints on changed canonical variables.

They are also related to commutators of operators in quantum mechanics.

Equations
For canonical variables (q,p), the Poisson bracket is defined for functions f and g as
[itex]\{f,g\} = \sum_a \left( \frac{\partial f}{\partial q_a}\frac{\partial g}{\partial p_a} - \frac{\partial f}{\partial p_a}\frac{\partial g}{\partial q_a} \right)[/itex]

The equation of motion for quantity f is
[itex]\dot f = \frac{\partial f}{\partial t} + \{f,H\}[/itex]

A change of variables from canonical variables (q,p) to canonical variables (Q,P) has these constraints:
[itex]\{Q_i,P_j\} = \delta_{ij} ,\{Q_i,Q_j\} = \{P_i,P_j\} = 0[/itex]

Scientists

Recent forum threads on Poisson bracket
 
Breakdown
Physics
> Classical Mechanics
>> Lagrangian/Hamiltonian

See Also
Hamiltonian
Hamilton's eqs of motio

Images

Extended explanation
Proof of equation of motion.

Start with
[itex]\frac{df}{dt} = \frac{\partial f}{\partial t} + \sum_a \left( \frac{\partial f}{\partial q_a} \frac{dq_a}{dt} + \frac{\partial f}{\partial p_a} \frac{dp_a}{dt} \right)[/itex]

Using Hamilton's equations of motion gives
[itex]\frac{df}{dt} = \frac{\partial f}{\partial t} + \sum_a \left( \frac{\partial f}{\partial q_a} \frac{\partial H}{\partial p_a} - \frac{\partial f}{\partial p_a} \frac{\partial H}{\partial q_a} \right) = \frac{\partial f}{\partial t} + \{f,H\}[/itex]

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